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维生素D对人体具有重要作用如调节钙和磷的平衡、调节骨生长发育等,主要在皮肤、肝脏、肾等器官合成。在人体中其合成分解的酶众多,对维持着维生素D的平衡具有重要作用。有大量研究发现维生素D对前列腺癌细胞具有抑制作用,其主要机制包括G1/S细胞周期阻滞,凋亡、分化、基因表达变化,以及抑制肿瘤血管生成和细胞迁移等实现的。而维生素D的生物学效应是通过与维生素D受体(VDR)起作用的,VDR是多结构域、配体诱导的转录因子,类似于AR(雄激素受体)和其他核受体。近年来有研究发现VDR单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)如FokI,BsmI,ApaI和TaqI的基因型多态性,VDR与AR交互作用等与患前列腺癌风险有关,不过其具体机制尚未明确。前列腺癌的发生、发展机制十分复杂,还需更广泛、深入的研究来明确。
Vitamin D has an important role on the human body such as regulating the balance of calcium and phosphorus, regulating bone growth and development, mainly in the skin, liver, kidney and other organs synthesis. In the human body its synthesis and decomposition of many enzymes, to maintain the balance of vitamin D has an important role. A large number of studies have found that vitamin D has an inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cells. Its main mechanisms include G1 / S cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, differentiation, gene expression changes, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and cell migration. The biological effect of vitamin D is through the interaction with vitamin D receptor (VDR), a multidomain, ligand-induced transcription factor similar to AR (androgen receptor) and other nuclear receptors. In recent years, studies have found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (VDR SNPs) such as FokI, BsmI, ApaI and TaqI genotype polymorphisms, VDR and AR interaction with the risk of prostate cancer, but its specific mechanism is not yet clear . Prostate cancer, the development mechanism is very complex, need more extensive and in-depth study to clarify.