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黑河地区位于黑龙江省北部,地处北纬470°421′至51°03′,东经124°45′至129°81′之间,属于高寒地区。当地气温低,无霜期短,作物以春小麦和大豆为主,农业生产的特点之一是地多人少,机械化水平较高。在肥料方面存在的主要问题是施肥水平低,有机肥不足。为了广辟肥源,培肥地力,做到用地与养地相结合,不断提高粮食产量,从1973年起我们先后在所内和一些典型社队进行小麦与草木樨间作试验和示范。试验结果表明,小麦与草木樨间作对当年小麦产量影响不大,一般减产不过5％,但每亩可以翻压1,000～2,000斤绿肥,后作可增产粮食20％左右,后效一般可持续二年。为推动全区绿肥的发展,我们在小麦品种的选择,间作方式的确定,以及防止草木樨“超高”等方面进行了一些试验研究,现将结果汇总如下。
The Heihe region is located in the northern part of Heilongjiang Province and is located in the alpine region between 470 ° 421’and 51 ° 03’N and 124 ° 45’E to 129 ° 81’E. The local temperature is low, the frost-free period is short, and the main crops are spring wheat and soybean. One of the characteristics of agricultural production is that there are fewer places and more mechanization levels. The main problems with fertilizers are low levels of fertilizers and inadequate organic manure. In order to broaden the sources of fertilizers and fertilize the land and make use of the combination of land and raising land for continuous improvement of grain output, we have experimentally and demonstratively conducted inter-wheat and grass mulberry cultivation with some typical communes since 1973. The results showed that the intercropping of wheat with Phyllostachys praeparatum had little effect on the current wheat yield, but the general yield reduction was only 5%. However, it was possible to turn 1,000-2,000 kg of green manure per acre into about 20% year. In order to promote the development of green manures in the region, we conducted some pilot studies on the selection of wheat varieties, the determination of intercropping methods, and the prevention of “superhighness” in grass and shrubs. The results are summarized as follows.