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目的:建立符合中医辨证用药特点的外感热毒出血大鼠模型,在此基础上初步探讨生地炭凉血止血作用的机制。方法:采用腹腔注射内毒素(LPS)同时皮下注射干酵母相结合的方法建立外感热毒出血大鼠模型,观察大鼠肛温的变化,测定全血和血浆黏度,血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量,肉眼观察大鼠舌、肺、胃、肝、肾组织学变化情况。结果:模型组大鼠舌色稍红,胃黏膜无明显损伤,双侧肺脏色泽灰黯,黯红色瘀斑瘀点较多见,肺叶表面有较多出血部位,多呈点状、条索状和圆斑状;肝脏、肾脏均可见瘀血点。与空白组比较,模型组腹腔注射LPS同时皮下注射干酵母4 h后肛温有所升高(P<0.05),造模给药6 h后,肛温明显升高(P<0.01);与空白组比较,模型组大鼠全血高切、中切、低切黏度明显增加(P<0.05),血浆黏度明显增加(P<0.05);PT、TT、APTT延长(P<0.05),FIB含量相对增加(P<0.05)。生地炭组在造模6 h后明显降低了肛温(P<0.05),明显降低了全血高切、中切、低切黏度(P<0.05),显著降低了血浆黏度(P<0.01);明显缩短PT、TT、APTT(P<0.05),降低FIB含量(P<0.05);生地炭组舌象和胃黏膜正常,肝脏、肺脏、肾脏形态结构均基本正常,肝脏、肾脏无明显瘀血,肺泡壁毛细血管有轻微瘀血,肺泡腔内有少量的渗出液。结论:生地炭通过影响内、外源性凝血途径、降低FIB含量,降低全血高切、中切、低切黏度及血浆黏度,共同发挥了凉血止血的作用。
OBJECTIVE: To establish a rat model of exogenous heat-toxic bleaching that accords with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine for syndrome differentiation and to explore the mechanism of the hemostatic effect of gentian carbon dioxide on the basis of this. Methods: A rat model of exogenous heat-toxic hemorrhage was established by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (LPS) combined with subcutaneous injection of dry yeast. The changes of rectal temperature in rats were observed. The changes of whole blood and plasma viscosity, plasma prothrombin time (PT ), Thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) were measured. The histopathological changes of tongue, lung, stomach, liver and kidney were observed by naked eyes. Results: The tongue color of rats in the model group was slightly reddish, the gastric mucosa was not damaged obviously, the color of the lungs on both sides was dark gray, the dark red petechia petechiae was more common, the surface of lung lobes had more bleeding sites, And circular; liver, kidney bleeding points are visible. Compared with the blank group, the rectal temperature increased slightly (P <0.05) after intraperitoneal injection of LPS into the model group and subcutaneous injection of dry yeast for 4 h, and the rectal temperature increased significantly (P <0.01) Compared with the blank group, the viscosity of whole blood in the model group increased significantly (P <0.05), the plasma viscosity increased significantly (P <0.05), the PT, TT, APTT prolonged Content increased (P <0.05). In the raw carbon group, the rectal temperature (P <0.05) was significantly decreased after 6 h of modeling, and the plasma viscosity was significantly decreased (P <0.01) (P <0.05); PTX and APTT were significantly reduced (P <0.05), and the content of FIB was decreased (P <0.05). The tongue and gastric mucosa of Habitat charcoal group were normal, the morphology of liver, lung and kidney were basically normal, Blood, alveolar capillary blood stasis slightly, alveolar cavity with a small amount of exudate. CONCLUSION: Habitat charcoal exerts the effect of cooling blood and stopping bleeding by influencing the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways, reducing FIB content, reducing whole blood high-cut, middle-cut, low-cut viscosity and plasma viscosity.