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19世纪末,美国随着工业化的发展,已从一个农业国变为商品经济十分发达的资本主义国家。市场经济成为美国经济运行的核心,并对它的社会经济发展起了极其重要的促进作用。然而随着生产社会化程度的深入,市场机制的弊病面也逐渐暴露出来,直到30年代大危机时,人们对它才有了更进一步的认识。即单纯的市场机制并不能完全解决整个社会的问题,国家必须出面对市场经济进行控制和调节。因此从罗斯福新政以来,美国政府采取了多种多样的形式对市场经济进行控制和调节,其中社会保障制度是一个重要手段。本文在这里试图分析一下美国社会保障制度对市场机制的调节和补偿作用。
In the late 19th century, with the development of industrialization, the United States has changed from an agricultural country to a capitalist country with a developed commodity economy. The market economy has become the core of the U.S. economy and has played an extremely important role in promoting its social and economic development. However, with the deepening of the socialization of production, the disadvantages of the market mechanism have gradually been exposed. Until the great crisis of the 1930s, people had a better understanding of it. That is, a purely market mechanism can not completely solve the problems of the entire society. The state must take the control and regulation of the market economy. Therefore, since Roosevelt’s New Deal, the U.S. government has taken various forms to control and regulate the market economy. The social security system is an important measure. This article here attempts to analyze the role of the United States social security system in regulating and compensating market mechanisms.