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监督管理正变得日益碎片化,监管涉及多个层级、多个主体。研究者们描述了这种多层级主体之间如何相互协作。本文通过比利时能源监管的案例,研究协作如何影响监管机构的决策自主权。本文描述了上级部长的自主权范围,探究监管机构如何与不同层级政府的其他主体进行协作。研究表明,除了上级部长,监管机构的实际自由裁量权也可能被其他政府主体增强或削弱。这需要建立“关系视角”来看待(监管)机构的自主权,观察多元主体间的关系,即使这些主体与机构之间没有直接的委托代理关系。对实践者工作者的启示在最近几十年里,许多西方政府建立了独立监管机构。这些机构在不同政策部门和不同层级政府中逐渐增多,这与新的协作机制的建立密切相关。尽管如此,这些趋势可能会有某些意想不到的结果。当权威碎片化后,就会削弱单个主体的干预能力。协作可能会影响监管机构的实际决策能力。当监管机构使用组织间关系来增强监管的专业性时,其相对于上级部长的自主权就会增加。但是,如果协作机制只是基于非正式的、自愿的协议,那么这些机制可能无法克服所有资源间的相互依赖。
Supervision and management is becoming increasingly fragmented, supervision involves multiple levels, multiple subjects. Researchers describe how this multi-level body collaborates. This article examines how Belgian energy regulatory cases affect how collaboration can affect the regulatory autonomy. This article describes the scope of autonomy of the superior minister and explores how regulators can collaborate with other actors in different levels of government. Research shows that except for higher ministers, the actual discretion of the regulatory body may also be enhanced or weakened by other government entities. This requires establishing a “relationship perspective” to look at (regulatory) institutional autonomy and observe the relationship between multiple entities, even if there is no direct agency relationship between these entities and the agency. Implications for Practitioners Workers In recent decades, many Western governments have established independent regulators. These institutions are gradually increasing in different policy sectors and different levels of government, which are closely related to the establishment of a new coordination mechanism. However, these trends may have some unexpected results. When the authority is fragmented, the ability of individual subjects to intervene will be weakened. Collaboration may affect the regulatory authority’s actual decision-making ability. When regulators use interorganizational relations to enhance regulatory expertise, their autonomy vis-à-vis their superiors increases. However, if the mechanisms of collaboration are based solely on informal, voluntary agreements, those mechanisms may not be able to overcome the interdependence of all resources.