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直肠癌全系膜切除后局部复发率约为４％，直肠系膜这一脂肪淋巴血管组织是直肠癌盆腔复发的主要来源。Ｈｅａｌｄ指出直肠系膜应在直视下用剪刀锐性分离，避免用手指钝性分离，以防撕裂静脉或撕开肿瘤层面。关于直肠侧韧带的大体解剖了解很少，而且其与直肠中动脉的关系仍有争
The overall recurrence rate after total mesorectal excision of rectal cancer is about 4%. The mesangial adipose tissue is the main source of pelvic recurrence in rectal cancer. Heald noted that the mesorectum should be sharply separated with scissors under direct vision to avoid blunt dissection with the fingers to prevent tearing of the veins or tearing of the tumor surface. Little is known about the gross anatomy of the rectal ligaments, and its relationship with the middle rectal artery is still controversial