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目的了解山西省万荣县中小学生对狂犬病相关知识态度现状,为针对性开展农村地区中小学生狂犬病知识的健康教育提供科学依据。方法 2014年12月,采用分层随机抽样方法对万荣县14个乡镇210名中小学生进行面对面问卷调查。问卷内容包括被调查者基本信息、狂犬病相关知识和态度,应用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 85.22%(173名)的学生表示当被动物咬伤后会尽量在24h内注射狂犬病疫苗;46.31%(94名)学生在被动物咬伤后会尽快用肥皂水或清水清洗伤口;21.18%(43名)认为咬伤1d后注射狂犬病疫苗仍有效,但效果不明显。受教育程度不同的学生对狂犬病相关知识的回答差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。81.28%(165名)的学生会及时向医疗机构反映一犬咬伤多人的事件;45.32%(92名)的学生认为给动物注射疫苗能够有效预防狂犬病。结论山西农村地区狂犬病的防治工作虽取得了一定效果,但中小学生对狂犬病防治知识的掌握欠佳,存在发生狂犬病的隐患,因此今后当地医疗机构及中小学校应较为全面系统地开展狂犬病宣传教育。
Objective To understand the status quo of knowledge about rabies among primary and secondary school students in Wanrong County, Shanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the targeted health education of rabies in primary and secondary school students in rural areas. Methods In December 2014, stratified random sampling method was used to conduct face-to-face questionnaire survey on 210 primary and secondary school students in 14 towns and villages in Wanrong County. Questionnaire content includes the basic information of respondents, rabies-related knowledge and attitude, using SPSS17.0 software for statistical analysis. Results A total of 85.22% (173 students) said they would inject rabies vaccine within 24 hours as soon as possible after being bitten by animals. 46.31% (94 students) cleaned their wounds with soap and water as soon as possible after being bitten by animals; 21.18% (43) believed rabies vaccination was effective after 1 day bite, but the effect was not obvious. There was a statistically significant difference in response to rabies-related knowledge among students with different education levels (P <0.001). 81.28% (165 students) reported to the medical institution promptly that a dog bites more people; 45.32% (92 students) think that vaccination to animals can effectively prevent rabies. Conclusion Although the prevention and treatment of rabies in rural areas in Shanxi Province has achieved some results, the awareness of rabies prevention and control among primary and secondary school students is not good and there is a potential risk of rabies. Therefore, local medical institutions and primary and secondary schools should carry out more comprehensive and systematic publicity and education on rabies in the future.