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一、问题的提出某厂航空用一个重要零件,原采用进口Cr12MoV材制成,使用寿命为1000小时左右,而采用国产材寿命只有200小时。通过金相解剖分析发现主要是国产材共晶碳化物分布的均匀性差、碳化物颗粒粗大,在使用中易于在粗大的共晶碳化物棱角处首先形成微裂纹,从而导致零件过早疲劳失效,见图1和图2。为了用国产材取代进口材,我厂在冶炼工艺、锭型、开坯方式及冷拔工艺方面进行了大量试验摸索。本文则是通过用定量金相方法对电渣重熔的三种不同锭型、四种不同开坯方式和两种不同冷拔量的Cr12MoV材碳化物分布的均匀性和颗粒尺寸分布进行检测对比分析,并结合零件的试车结果找出了寿命超过进口材质的最佳工艺。
First, the issue put forward A factory aviation with an important part, the original use of imported Cr12MoV material, the service life of about 1000 hours, while the use of domestic material life is only 200 hours. Metallographic anatomical analysis shows that the distribution of eutectic carbides in China-made wood is poor and the carbide particles are coarse. In use, micro-cracks are easily formed at the edges of coarse eutectic carbides, leading to premature fatigue failure of parts, See Figure 1 and Figure 2. In order to replace imported materials with domestic materials, our plant in the smelting process, ingot, billet way and cold drawing process conducted a lot of trial and error. In this paper, the uniformity and particle size distribution of carbide distribution of Cr12MoV material in three kinds of ingots remelted by electroslag remelting, four different ways of billet and two kinds of cold drawing were tested by quantitative metallographic method Analysis, combined with the test results of the parts to find out the life of more than the best imported materials technology.