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法国社会学在埃米尔·迪尔凯姆(又译涂尔干,1858-1917)的推动下诞生于19世纪末, 迪尔凯姆认为,人受到社会的渗透,被社会所社会化,因而,社会学的目的是理解社会因素怎样 和通过什么途径强加于个人。 20世纪中期,法国社会学分为相互排斥的两大倾向。迪尔凯姆的继承者认为,社会学通 过研究各种行为,能够有助于表明束缚变革的阻碍,因此是有用的。另一学派严守马克思主 义,指责迪尔凯姆学派不具备解释的体系,经常表现为经验论者,既无视阶级斗争,又无视侵蚀 资本主义的内部矛盾。
Under the impetus of the Emil Durkheim (also translated Durkheim, 1858-1917), French sociology was born at the end of the 19th century. Durkheim believed that people are infiltrated by society and socialized by society. Therefore, The purpose of sociology is to understand how and by what means social factors are imposed on individuals. In the mid-20th century, French sociology was divided into two major tendencies of mutual exclusion. Durkheim’s successor argues that sociology is useful by studying a variety of behaviors that can help to demonstrate the obstacles that bind change. The other school, strictly observing Marxism, accused the Durkheim school of having no system of explanation and frequently expressed empiricism, disregarding the class struggle and ignoring the internal conflicts that erode capitalism.