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一、意大利杨树品种I-214的起源及其发展 杨树是最早进行树木良种选育的对象,其中以黑杨派的育种工作进行得最有成效。黑杨派主要有两个种,一是原产北美的美洲黑杨及其变种,一是原产欧亚大陆的欧洲黑杨及其变种。由于这两类杨树常常栽种在一起,容易相互杂交,产生了一系列具有各种优良性状的杂种,这就是近几十年来各国广泛栽培的健杨、晚花杨,马里兰德杨,格尔力杨等等。过去,分类学者定名为加拿大杨,后来,世界杨树委员会建议将这类杨树的所有杂种统称为欧美杨。健杨、晚花杨、马里兰德杨、格尔力杨都是属于欧美杨的无性系,我国近年来栽培较广的沙兰杨、波兰P-15A、德杨（科伦-158）也都是属于欧美杨的无性系。 欧美杨栽培品种的选用,大致经历了三个阶段:第一阶段是未经选育的加拿大杨,由于长达200多年的无性繁殖,目前已经衰退;第二阶段在二十世纪后,从一些自然杂种实生苗中,选出了上述欧美杨各无性系,主要在三十年代后,开始逐渐推广;第三阶段为最近20-30年来进一步严格选育和栽培鉴定的一系列欧美标新品种,其中最突出的代表是 I-214。 I-214目前是欧美杨中最优秀的代表种,闻名世界各国。它生长极其迅速,树干通
First, the origin and development of Italian poplar variety I-214 Poplar is the earliest object of breeding elite trees, of which the Black Poplar breeding work carried out the most effective. There are two main types of black colony. One is native Populus nigra and its variants originating in North America, the other is Populus nigra and its variants native to Eurasia. Because these two types of poplar often planted together, easy to cross each other, resulting in a series of hybrids with various excellent traits, which is widely cultivated in various countries in recent years Yang, Yang Hua, Maryland Deyang, Yang and so on. In the past, the scholar of taxonomy was named Yang of Canada. Later, the World Poplar Committee proposed that all the hybrids of this poplar be collectively referred to as the European and American poplars. Jian Yang, late bloom Yang, Maryland Deyang, Geli Yang are belong to the clones of Populus eucommiae, China in recent years cultivated more broad-leaved Sallaris, Poland P-15A, Deyang (Coron -158) also It belongs to the European and American poplar clones. The selection of poplar cultivars in Europe and the United States has generally gone through three stages: the first stage is the non-selected Populus canadensis, which has now declined due to more than 200 years of asexual reproduction; the second stage, after the twentieth century, Among the natural hybrid seedlings, the above clones of Populus euphratica, Populus euphratica and Populus euphratica were selected and popularized mainly in the 1930s. The third stage was a series of new varieties of European and American cultivars that were further rigorously selected and cultivated in the recent 20-30 years One of the most prominent representatives is I-214. I-214 is currently the best representative of Europe and the United States poplar, known all over the world. It grows extremely rapidly, trunk through