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鸦片战争前后社学的性质和作用截然不同,战前社学是地主阶级的文教机构,其任务是“敦教化,厚风俗”;战后大敌当前,社学发展成为以农民为主体,包括爱国士绅,特别是地主阶级中的部分知识分子、工人、商人及妇女参加的群众性反侵略的武装组织。社学源于明初,原是封建士大夫教育、集会的场所;清初,成为农村中地主士绅进行封建教育的组织;清朝中叶以后被地主士绅控制,用来办团练,御盗贼,发展为由当地农民为乡勇组成的武装机构。社学的职能
Before and after the Opium War, the nature and role of social science were quite different. Before the Opium War, the social science was the cultural and educational institution of the landlord class. Its mission was to “educate and enrich the customs.” After the war, the social enemy developed into a peasant- Patriotic gentry, in particular, part of the landlord class, intellectuals, workers, merchants and women’s mass anti-aggression armed groups. Sociology originated in the early Ming Dynasty, was originally a feudal monk’s place of education and assembly; in the early Qing Dynasty, it became the feudal education of landlords in rural areas; the middle Qing government was controlled by landlords and gentry, Local farmers as the armed forces composed of rural Yong. Social function