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现代信息技术的基石是集成电路芯片,而构成集成电路芯片的器件中约90%是源于硅基CMOS(complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor,互补金属-氧化物-半导体)技术.经过半个世纪奇迹般的发展,硅基CMOS技术即将进入14 nm技术节点,并将在2020年之前达到其性能极限,后摩尔时代的纳电子科学与技术的研究变得日趋急迫.目前包括IBM在内的很多企业认为,微电子工业走到8 nm技术节点时可能不得不面临放弃继续使用硅作为支撑材料,之后非硅基纳电子技术的发展将可能从根本上影响到未来芯片和相关产业的发展.在为数不多的几种可能的替代材料中,碳基纳米材料——特别是碳纳米管和石墨烯,被公认为是最有希望替代硅的材料.北京大学碳电子研究团队最新研究结果表明,在14 nm技术节点碳纳米管晶体管的速度和功耗均较硅基器件有10倍以上的优势,进入亚10 nm技术节点后这种优势还将继续加大.2013年9月,美国斯坦福大学研究组在《自然》杂志以封面文章的形式报道制造出了世界上首台碳纳米管计算机.2014年7月1日《MIT技术评论》报道IBM宣布由碳纳米管构成的比现有芯片快5倍的芯片将于2020年之前成型.基于碳纳米管的集成电路技术不再是遥不可及的梦想,现代信息科技与产业的支撑材料正加速从硅到碳进行转变.相较欧美发达国家在2020年之后的非硅基纳米电子学研究领域的巨额投入,我国对非硅基技术尚无布局.为抢占下一代半导体技术战略制高点,建议尽快启动国家碳电子计划,用一个协调的方式来支持包括材料生长、器件制备、模拟和系统设计方面的研究,汇聚优势资源,系统推进碳基信息技术的成型和发展,奠定中国未来的纳电子产业基础.
The cornerstone of modern information technology is integrated circuit chips, and about 90% of the devices that make up integrated circuit chips are derived from complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. After half a century of miracles The development of silicon-based CMOS technology is about to enter the 14 nm technology node, and will reach its performance limit by 2020, post-Moore’s nanoelectronics science and technology research is becoming more and more urgent.At present, many companies, including IBM Believes that the microelectronics industry may have to abandon the continued use of silicon as a supporting material when it comes to the 8 nm technology node and then the development of non-silicon-based nanoelectronics technologies may fundamentally affect the future development of chips and related industries. Among the few possible alternative materials, carbon-based nanomaterials - especially carbon nanotubes and graphene - are recognized as the most promising materials for replacing silicon. The latest research results from the Peking University’s Carbon Electronics Research Team show that at 14 nm technology node Carbon nanotube transistor speed and power consumption are more than 10 times the advantages of silicon-based devices into the sub-10 nm technology node this advantage will Continue to increase in September 2013, Stanford University research group in the US in the form of cover article coverage of the first carbon nanotube computer produced in the world.July 1, 2014 MIT Technical Review reported that IBM Announced that chips made of carbon nanotubes five times faster than existing chips will be shaped by 2020. Carbon nanotube-based integrated circuit technology is no longer an elusive dream and the supporting materials for modern information technology and industry are accelerating From silicon to carbon.Compared with developed countries in Europe and the United States after 2020 non-silicon nanoelectronics research huge investment in China’s non-silicon-based technology is still no layout.In order to seize the next generation of semiconductor technology strategy commanding point, it is recommended as soon as possible Launch the National Carbon Electronics Program in a coordinated manner to support research including material growth, device preparation, simulation and system design, pooling superior resources, systematically promoting the formation and development of carbon-based information technologies, and laying the foundations for the future of China’s nanoelectronics industry basis.