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随着抗生素的广泛应用,其引起的肾损害日益增多,据统计约20～25％的急、慢性肾功能衰竭系由药物所致〔1〕,抗生引素起的肾损害不容忽视。抗生素对肾损害的基本机理有直接肾毒性与过敏反应。直接引起肾毒性的抗生素包括:①氨基精甙类抗生素:新霉素、庆大霉素、丁胺卡那霉素,链霉素。②头孢素类:头孢Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ。③四环素族:四环素、土霉素、金霉素。⑤多粘菌素:多粘菌素B、E。⑤两性霉素B。过敏反应引起的肾损害的抗生素有:①青霉素G、断青霉素Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素。②头孢菌素类:头孢菌素Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ。肾脏尤易遭受药物损害〔2〕,乃由于:①肾脏血流量占心搏出量的1/4,而按重量计,肾脏仅占体重的
With the widespread use of antibiotics, which cause an increasing number of renal damage, according to statistics, about 20 to 25% of acute and chronic renal failure caused by the drug [1], kidney damage caused by antibiotics can not be ignored. The basic mechanism of antibiotic damage to the kidney has direct nephrotoxicity and allergic reactions. Antibiotics directly causing nephrotoxicity include: ① aminoglycoside antibiotics: neomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin. ② cephalosporins: cephalosporins Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ. ③ tetracycline family: tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline. ⑤ polymyxin: polymyxin B, E. ⑤ amphotericin B Antibiotics caused by anaphylaxis caused by renal damage are: ① penicillin G, penicillin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, ampicillin, carbenicillin. ② cephalosporins: cephalosporins Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ. Kidneys are particularly susceptible to drug damage 〔2〕, but due to: ① renal blood flow accounted for 1/4 of the volume, and by weight, the kidneys accounted for only the body weight