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一“散文”一词有广狭两义。就广义说,凡是无韵的,都可以叫做散文。这就是六朝人之所谓“笔”。刘勰在《文心雕龙》里说过,当时的人把有韵的文章叫做“文”;无韵的叫做“笔”。根据这个标准,诗词歌赋之类,是文:其他一切文章,都是笔。如果散文指的是这样的东西,那就太泛,讲起来很麻烦。我今天来讲一种狭义的散文,就是同诗歌、小说、剧本并称的散文,是文艺作品的一种。这种散文有两个条件:第一,讲真人真事;第二,有文艺性。讲真人真事,这意思很明白,就是文章里所说的人和事,是社会生活里的真人真事。文章里的“我”,就是文章的作者本人。总之,不容虚构。在这一点上,这种散文不同于小说。所谓有文艺性,不一定要求有人物形象,尤其是完整的人物形象。散文当然也可以
The word “prose” has its own meaning. In a broad sense, all non-rhyme can be called essays. This is the so-called “pen” of the Six Dynasties. Liu Yong said in “Wen Xin Diao Long” that people at that time called rhyme articles as “Wen”; without rhyme is called “pen.” According to this standard, poetry and poetry, is the text: all other articles, are pens. If the prose refers to something like that, it’s too generic and troublesome to talk about. Today, I say a narrow essay, that is, poems, novels and scripts that are collectively referred to as essays, are a kind of literary and artistic works. There are two conditions for this kind of essay: first, to tell the true story; second, to be literary. The true story of real people, which means very understand, that is, people and things mentioned in the article, is a real story in social life. The “me” in the article is the author of the article. In short, can not be fictionalized. At this point, this essay is different from the novel. The so-called literary, does not necessarily require a character image, especially a complete character image. Of course, the essay can be