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一、问题的提出根据全国教育事业十年规划和“八五”计划,本世纪末将在全国普及初等义务教育的基础上,在城镇以及经济比较发达的农村地区基本普及初中阶段义务教育。如在九十年代按计划完成目标,使初中在校生规模有较大幅度增长,困难很大。首先,九十年代全国初中适龄人口数(取自13至15岁年龄组,下同)比八十年代明显减少。据1990年全国人口普查资料测算,九十年代平均初中适龄人口数为5.9千万人,比八十年代平均数少1.6千万人左右。一般说,初中在校生规模随初中适龄人口数减少而减小,如“七五”期间,初中适龄人口数逐年减少,初中规模由4.1千万人下降到3.9千万人。其次,教育经费是教育事业发展的支撑。
I. Proposed Issues According to the National Education Decade Plan and the “Eighth Five-Year Plan”, at the end of this century, basic compulsory education will be basically popularized in urban areas and in economically developed rural areas based on the universal primary compulsory education. If the target is completed as planned in the 1990s, the scale of junior high school students will have more substantial growth and it will be very difficult. First of all, the number of middle school-age population of the whole country in the 1990s (taken from the age group of 13 to 15, the same below) is obviously lower than that of the 1980s. According to the 1990 national census data, the average middle school age population in the 1990s was 59 million, about 1.6 million less than the average in the 1980s. Generally speaking, the number of middle school students in junior high schools decreases as the number of middle school age students declines. For example, during the “7th Five-Year Plan”, the number of middle school-aged people in junior high schools has been declining year by year. The junior high school scale has dropped from 41 million to 39 million. Second, education funding is the support for the development of education.