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拆字是中国文化中的特有现象,它和社会的政治、风俗、文学、文字等诸方面有着密切的关系。拆字令与后起的拆白道字是拆字中较为风趣幽默的形式,两者有直接的渊源关系。比较而言,前者或多或少影响了词曲的发展,后者丰富了修辞手段,形成了以文字为媒介的特殊表达方式。它们不是严肃的文学创作,却充满了智慧的光华,有着广泛的社会基础,从士大夫到粗识文字的普通平民都怀有很大的热情。本文首次对趣味拆字的发生、变化作了系统的论述,是民俗文字学研究领域中的初步尝试。
It is a peculiar phenomenon in Chinese culture that it is closely related to politics, customs, literature, writing and other aspects of society. Disassembled word order and after the dismantling Baidao word is more funny and humorous form, both have a direct relationship. In comparison, the former influenced the development of lyrics more or less, the latter enriched the means of rhetoric and formed a special way of expressing words through media. They are not solemn literary creations, but are full of wisdom and brilliance. They have a wide range of social foundations. They have great enthusiasm from scholar-officials to ordinary civilians who know the words literally. For the first time, this article systematically discusses the occurrence and the changes of the play-apart, which is the first attempt in the field of folk-custom linguistics.