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社会人类学是一门与社会学的关系一直非常密切的学科。它一直将对非西方社会的研究作为自己的范围,这一事实使它具有特殊的学术重点。但自从人们发现一切社会(包括我们自己的社会)都具有普遍相关的明显特点之后,这门学科的重点所重视的程度也就常常发生变化。现今,这门学科正处于一种比较普及的情况,并且常常和社会学家的兴趣相互重迭。在十九世纪,普通人类学的范围特别广泛。它从一般的历史角度出发把人作为生物的和社会的存在物来研究。它的理论发展是和古生物学进化论的设想紧密相关的。在这种背景条件下,现
Social anthropology is a discipline that has always had a very close relationship with sociology. The fact that it has always regarded the study of non-Western societies as its own has given it a special academic focus. But since people have found that all societies, including our own, have the salient features of universal relevance, the degree to which this discipline focuses more often changes. Nowadays, the discipline is in a more populous situation and often overlaps with the interests of sociologists. In the nineteenth century, the scope of general anthropology was particularly wide. It studies human beings as biological and social beings from a general historical perspective. Its theoretical development is closely linked with the envisaged evolutionary theory of paleontology. In this context, now