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高等植物不同组织的原生质体及其产生的愈伤组织已成为生理学和细胞学研究的工具,在植物遗传工程领域也运用原生质体融合的方法产生体细胞杂种。由原生质体融合进行体细胞杂交,有希望产生新的作物变异体,为通常难以杂交或不可能杂交的不同物种间获得广泛杂交提供了光明前景。现已报道的资料表明,高等植物的许多种间和种内体细胞杂种的实验已获成功。藻类原生质体的研究迄今局限于淡水藻类和海洋单细胞藻类,很少涉及海洋多细胞藻类(即海藻)。然而,近几年,分离海藻原生质体的报道不断增多,Cheney(1986) 列出了业已分离原生质体的海藻总计15种(9属)。藻类原生质体融合成功的报告很有限:它们是伞藻(Polyphysa cliftonii)(Primke 等,1978) 、双星藻(Zygnema extenue)和纤细水绵(Spirogyra graeilis)(Oh-iwa,1978) 、莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardi)(Matagne 等,1979) 、长石莼(Ulvalinza)和囊礁膜(Monostroma angicava)(Zhang,1983) 以及条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezo-
Protoplasts from different tissues of higher plants and the callus they produce have become tools for physiological and cytological studies. Protoplast fusion is also used to generate somatic hybrids in the field of plant genetic engineering. Somatic hybridization by protoplast fusion promises to create new crop variants that provide a bright future for widespread hybridization among different species that are often difficult or impossible to cross. The data reported now indicate that experiments with many interspecific and intraspecific somatic cell hybrids in higher plants have been successful. The research on algal protoplasts has so far been limited to freshwater algae and marine unicellular algae, and seldom involve marine multicellular algae (ie, seaweed). However, reports of isolation of seaweed protoplasts have been increasing in recent years, and Cheney (1986) lists a total of 15 species (9 genera) of seaweeds that have been isolated from protoplasts. Reports of successful algae protoplast fusion are limited: they are Polyphysa cliftonii (Primke et al., 1978), Zygnema extenue and Spirogyra graeilis (Oh-iwa, 1978) Chlamydomonas reinhardi (Matagne et al., 1979), Ulvalinza and Monostroma angicava (Zhang, 1983) and Porphyra yezo-