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明末,盘踞在辽东皮岛的汉人势力刘氏兄弟先后经历了“叛明归(后)金”与“叛金归明”。然归明后的困局让刘氏兄弟逐渐成为游走于明廷与后金政权之间的第三股军事势力,并成为明廷与后金之间争取的对象。明廷欲通过刘氏兄弟联络海上汉人抗金势力,建构以皮岛为中心的海上防御后金的军事力量,故积极笼络刘氏兄弟。为化解明朝的海上防御战略,皇太极运用离间计与恩威并施之策,积极“争取”刘氏兄弟势力。在皇太极不断加大政治砝码诱惑之下,刘氏兄弟终于走向后金一边。天聪四年七八月间,刘氏兄弟与后金在盛京、皮岛先后举行秘密盟誓。然随着刘兴治被岛内反对盟誓者所杀,盟誓之目的亦化为泡影。但自此后,明廷海上防御线逐步被后金瓦解,加重了明廷的危局。中国国家博物馆藏有一件《金国汗黄台吉与海岛刘兴治等告天盟书》,它是天聪四年后金政权与皮岛刘氏兄弟之间盟誓的历史证物。经对勘,其所载内容与满文文献完全契合,具有独特的历史与学术价值。本文将该盟书与满、汉文材料相互佐证,试图复原天聪四年七月十一日金国汗黄台吉与皮岛刘兴治等盟誓的前因后果等历史面貌,以示该件文书的历史与学术价值。
The Ming Dynasty, entrenched in the Liaodong island of Han Chinese forces Liu brothers have experienced “rebel (after) gold ” and “rebel gold ”. However, after the Ming dynasty dilemma, the Liu brothers gradually became the third military force that walked between the Ming court and the Houjin Regime and became the target of the fight between the Ming court and the latter. The Ming court attempted to liaise with his brother Liu by liaising with Liu Han brothers about the anti-money forces of the sea Han and building up the military strength of the post-sea defense gold centering on the island. In order to resolve the maritime defensive strategy of the Ming dynasty, Huang Taiji actively employed “striving for” the Liu brothers and brothers using the tactics of separation and grace. Under the temptation of Huang Taizi increasing political weight, Liu brothers finally toward the back of the gold side. Tiancong four or seven months in August, Liu brothers and after gold in Shengjing, the island has held a secret vows. However, as Liu Xingzhi was killed by an opposition ally on the island, the purpose of vowing was also reversed. Since then, however, the Ming court maritime defense line has gradually been dismantled by the latter-day treasury, aggravating the crisis in the Ming court. The National Museum of China has a history of “King of Khan Huang Taizi and Island Liu Hsun-chih et al.”, Which is the historical evidence of the vow between the gold regime and the island’s Liu brothers four years after Tin Chung. After the survey, its content is fully compatible with Manchu literature, has a unique historical and academic value. In this paper, the alliance with the full text of Chinese materials, mutual evidence in an attempt to restore Tiancong four years on July 11 Kim Tae-ku Huang Taitie and Phi Phi Liu Xingzhi other antecedents and so on the history of the affair to show the history and academic value of the instrument .