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胚胎肾发育最初阶段是中肾导管尾端在胶质细胞源性神经营养因子诱导下向背侧长出输尿管芽,而后成纤维细胞生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、骨形成蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶、整合素和粘附分子相继表达,作用于输尿管芽和间充质细胞,诱导分支形态发生,包括输尿管芽向间充质侵入、延伸以及间充质细胞向上皮转化。上述这些分子在功能上存在部分重叠与拮抗,维持细胞增殖和分化的平衡,从而保证输尿管芽形成正常的分支结构。本文对肾脏发育时期分支形态发生的调控因素进行综述。
In the initial stage of embryonic kidney development, ureteric buds are dorsal to the dorsal side of mesangial ductal catheters induced by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, followed by fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, matrix metalloproteinases, Superoxide dismutase and adhesion molecules are expressed sequentially, acting on the ureter buds and mesenchymal cells, and inducing branching and morphogenesis, including invasion and extension of the ureteric buds to mesenchymal cells and transformation of the mesenchymal cells to the epithelium. These molecules in the function of the existence of partial overlap and antagonism, to maintain the balance of cell proliferation and differentiation, thus ensuring the normal formation of the ureter bud branch. This review summarizes the regulatory factors that affect the morphology of the branches during the development of the kidney.