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夏天,在平静无风的海面航行或在海边瞭望,往往会看到空中映现出远方船舶、岛屿或城郭楼台的影像;在沙漠旅行的人有时也会突然发现,在遥远的沙漠里有一片湖水,湖畔树影摇曳,令人向往.古人误认为是蜃(一种海底动物)吐气而成,所以叫海市蜃楼.实际上,海市蜃楼是光在不均匀的大气中折射和全反射(可以理解为光从水或玻璃等透明介质射向空气中,当入射角增大到一定程度时,光只发生反射,而不发生折射的现象)所造成的光现象.在均匀的介质中,光是沿直线传播的,但在非均匀的介质中,光会偏离直线传播.如果介质是分层均匀的,光将沿一折线传播,如图1所示.海市蜃楼通常分“上现蜃楼”和“下现蜃楼”两种.
In the summer, when you sail in a calm, windless sea or look out to the sea, you often see images of distant ships, islands or castle towers in the air; people traveling in the desert can suddenly find themselves in the distant desert with a lake , The lake shadow swaying, desirable, the ancients mistaken for mirage (a kind of sea animal) exhaled, so called the mirage .In fact, the mirage is light in the uneven atmosphere of refraction and total reflection (can be understood as light Light is emitted from a transparent medium such as water or glass into the air, and when the angle of incidence is increased to a certain degree, the light is reflected only without refraction.) In a homogeneous medium, light travels along a straight line However, in a non-uniform medium, light can deviate from a straight line and if the medium is stratified, the light travels along a polyline, as shown in Figure 1. The mirage is usually divided into “mirage” and “ ”Mirage " two.