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对于人类社会而言,土地是一种既稀缺、又不可缺少的自然资源,它的归属、分配和利用一直是影响人类社会发展的主要因素之一。作为对土地这种特殊类型的物的归属性权利,土地所有权一方面是土地在民事社会中发挥价值和功能的起点,其他土地权利均是在土地所有权之上得以展开;另一方面,土地所有权也是土地价值和功能的主要载体。本文从物之分配规则入手,以土地稀缺性和使用性为路径,分析土地对人的自然属性和社会属性的塑造作用这两个土地的基本社会功能,最终落脚于土地所有权的社会功能。
For human society, land is a natural resource that is both scarce and indispensable. Its ownership, distribution and utilization have always been one of the main factors that affect the development of human society. As a right of attribution to the special type of land, land ownership is a starting point for land to exert its value and function in civil society on the one hand, and all other land rights are developed over land ownership. On the other hand, land ownership It is also the main vehicle of land value and function. Starting with the rules of material distribution, this paper analyzes the basic social functions of land on the shaping of natural and social attributes of land based on the scarcity and usability of land, and ultimately settles the social function of land ownership.