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目的探讨深圳市近足月、足月新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的现状和临床特征。方法分析255例RDS临床资料,按胎龄分组,近足月儿组188例,足月儿组67例;按病因分组,新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)组209例,急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)组46例,分析比较各组临床特征。结果近足月儿、足月儿RDS总发病率为0.34%。近足月儿组、NRDS组RDS分期分别明显轻于足月儿组、ARDS组(P<0.05)。足月儿组出生窒息、宫内窘迫、选择性剖宫产率明显高于近足月儿组(P<0.05),胎膜早破率明显低于近足月儿组(P<0.05)。ARDS组胎膜早破率明显高于NRDS组(P<0.05),母亲产前使用地塞米松率低于NRDS组(P<0.05)。足月儿组、ARDS组总通气时间分别长于近足月儿组NRDS组(P<0.05)。足月儿组新生儿持续肺动脉高压、败血症发生率明显高于近足月儿组(P<0.05)。结论深圳市近足月、足月RDS的发病率较高,足月儿病情较重,临床需重视防治RDS并发症。
Objective To investigate the status and clinical features of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in Shenzhen near term and full term. Methods The clinical data of 255 cases of RDS were analyzed and divided into gestational age group, 188 cases of proximal full-term children group and 67 cases of full-term children group. 209 patients with respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) group were divided into etiology group, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) group of 46 cases, analysis of clinical characteristics of each group. Results Nearly full-term infants, term infants RDS overall incidence was 0.34%. The RDS staging of infants in the term group and the NRDS group was significantly lower than that in the full-term infants and the ARDS group (P <0.05). The incidence of asphyxia, intrauterine distress and cesarean section rate in full-term infants was significantly higher than that in infants with full-term infants (P <0.05). The rate of premature rupture of membranes was significantly lower than that in infants with full-term infants (P <0.05). The rate of premature rupture of membrane in ARDS group was significantly higher than that in NRDS group (P <0.05). The prenatal dexamethasone rate in mothers was lower than that in NRDS group (P <0.05). The total duration of ventilation in term infants and ARDS patients was longer than that in NRDS subjects (P <0.05). The term neonates with full-term infants continued pulmonary hypertension and the incidence of sepsis was significantly higher than that of infants with full-term infants (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of RDS in term full-term and full-term in Shenzhen is higher than that in term infants. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of RDS complications in Shenzhen.