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目的探讨氟、砷及联合染毒对大鼠海马、大脑皮质神经元及神经突触超微结构影响。方法初断乳SPF级SD大鼠随机分为4组,氟、砷处理组大鼠分别自由饮用120 mg/L氟化钠(NaF)和70 mg/L亚砷酸钠(NaAsO2)水溶液,氟砷联合染毒组饮用120 mg/L NaF+70 mg/L NaAsO2混合水溶液,对照组饮用蒸馏水;各组大鼠染毒3个月,用透射电子显微镜观察各组大鼠海马、大脑皮质神经元和突触超微结构变化。结果氟处理组和联合染毒组大鼠海马、大脑皮质组织氟含量分别为(1.14±0.35)、(1.06±0.27)、(1.19±0.42)、(1.03±0.21)μg/g,均高于对照组的(0.24±0.18)、(0.25±0.07)μg/g;砷处理组和联合染毒组大鼠海马、大脑皮质组织砷含量分别为(3.92±0.63)、(3.80±0.76)和(3.73±0.99)、(3.43±0.63)μg/g,均高于对照组的(0.16±0.03)、(0.14±0.02)μg/g;电镜观察可见氟、砷处理组和联合染毒组大鼠海马、大脑皮质神经元出现不同程度皱缩、核变形,胞浆内细胞器减少,线粒体肿胀、空化等;突触前膜突触小泡减少,线粒体内嵴结构不完整,突触后膜膨大水肿,线粒体空化变性等。结论氟、砷及联合染毒均可引起大鼠海马、大脑皮质神经元及突触超微结构病理改变。
Objective To investigate the effects of fluoride, arsenic and combination on the ultrastructure of neurons and synapses in hippocampus and cerebral cortex in rats. Methods SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rats in fluoride and arsenic groups were given 120 mg / L sodium fluoride (NaF) and 70 mg / L sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) aqueous solution respectively, and fluoride Arsenic combined exposure group were fed with 120 mg / L NaF + 70 mg / L NaAsO2 aqueous solution, and distilled water was used in the control group. The rats in each group were exposed to arsenite for 3 months. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the changes of hippocampal and cortical neurons And synaptic ultrastructure changes. Results The contents of fluoride in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were (1.14 ± 0.35), (1.06 ± 0.27), (1.19 ± 0.42) and (1.03 ± 0.21) μg / g respectively in the fluoride-treated group and the combined- (0.24 ± 0.18) and (0.25 ± 0.07) μg / g in the control group and (3.92 ± 0.63) and (3.80 ± 0.76) and ( (3.73 ± 0.99) and (3.43 ± 0.63) μg / g respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the control group (0.16 ± 0.03) and (0.14 ± 0.02) μg / g, respectively The neurons in hippocampus and cerebral cortex showed varying degrees of shrinkage, nuclear deformation, reduction of intracytoplasmic organelles, swelling and cavitation of mitochondria, decreased synaptic vesicles in presynaptic membrane, incomplete mitochondrial cristae and enlargement of postsynaptic membrane Edema, mitochondrial cavitation degeneration and so on. Conclusion Both fluoride and arsenic and combined exposure can cause pathological changes of neurons and synaptic ultrastructure in rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex.