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目的总结医院职业暴露情况并探讨相应的防护对策。方法对2009年1月-2011年12月我院职业暴露情况进行调查,分析了解医护人员职业暴露的特点及危险因素。结果护士是医院发生职业暴露最多的人群,占52.3%,其次是医生、实习生,分别占21.6%和20.5%;暴露源以各种针刺伤为主(79.5%),其次是手术器械损伤(12.5%);不同科室发生职业暴露的频次不同,发生率由高到低分别是:监护室(20.5%)、急诊科(13.6%)、消化内科(11.5%)、神经外科(6.8%)、手术室(5.7%)等;42.1%的职业暴露由接触过明确病原体患者的针头器械导致,源患者携带血源性传播疾病病原体比率较高,其中乙型肝炎占27.3%。结论医务人员面临职业暴露危险,各方应当采取对策,加强医务人员的职业暴露防护意识及规范操作行为。
Objective To summarize the occupational exposure in hospitals and to explore the appropriate countermeasures. Methods From January 2009 to December 2011, we investigated occupational exposure in our hospital and analyzed the characteristics and risk factors of occupational exposure of medical staff. Results Nurses were the most exposed occupational groups in hospital, accounting for 52.3%, followed by doctors and trainees, accounting for 21.6% and 20.5% respectively. The sources of exposure were mainly acupuncture (79.5%), followed by surgical instruments (12.5%). The frequency of occupational exposure in different departments was different from high to low, which were: intensive care unit (20.5%), emergency department (13.6%), gastroenterology (11.5%), neurosurgery , Operating room (5.7%), etc .; 42.1% of occupational exposures were caused by needle devices exposed to patients with definite pathogens, and the proportion of patients carrying blood-borne diseases was high, with hepatitis B accounting for 27.3%. Conclusion Medical staffs face the risk of occupational exposure. All parties should take countermeasures to strengthen the awareness of occupational exposure and standardize their behaviors.