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目的了解天津市北辰区疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的发生特征,分析影响因素,提高监测的敏感性。方法利用Excel 2003对2009—2012年AEFI个案数据进行统计分析。结果天津市北辰区2009—2012年报告AEFI 84例,其中一般反应62例,异常反应21例,偶合症1例,总报告发生率104.80/100万剂;反应多发生在2岁以下儿童,占69.05%(58/84);其中0岁组所占比重最大,为51.72%(30/58)。反应时间主要集中在当日,占84.52%(71/84)。以一般反应为主,占73.81%(62/84);其中轻型发热、红肿者占62.90%(39/62)。引起AEFI的疫苗主要为第1类疫苗,占79.76%(67/84)。以百白破(无细胞)疫苗反应人数最多,占43.28%(29/67);其次是含麻制剂(MV、MMR)疫苗,占19.40%(13/67)。结论应继续加强该区医疗机构及接种单位的AEFI培训工作,强化各级、各部门职责,尤其是医疗机构的临床诊断、治疗和报告。报告例数较少的乡镇应该在监测敏感性上加强管理,可以结合日常咨询电话与接种单位报告相互评价来推动。而且要严格规范接种操作,加强疫苗保存运输,减少AEFI发生。
Objective To understand the characteristics of suspected AEFI in Beichen district of Tianjin, analyze the influencing factors and improve the sensitivity of monitoring. Methods Excel 2003 was used to analyze the data of AEFI cases from 2009 to 2012. Results A total of 84 AEFI cases were reported in Beichen District, Tianjin in 2009-2012. Among them, 62 cases were general reaction, 21 cases were abnormal reaction and 1 case was coupled syndrome. The total report rate was 104.80 / 1 million doses. The reaction mostly occurred in children under 2 years old, accounting for 69.05% (58/84), of which, the proportion of 0-year-old group was the largest, accounting for 51.72% (30/58). The reaction time mainly concentrated on the day, accounting for 84.52% (71/84). The most common reactions accounted for 73.81% (62/84), of which 62.90% (39/62) were mild fever and redness. The vaccine that causes AEFI is mainly Class 1 vaccine, accounting for 79.76% (67/84). The number of patients with tuberculosis (cell-free) vaccine was the highest, accounting for 43.28% (29/67), followed by the MMR vaccine, accounting for 19.40% (13/67). Conclusion The AEFI training of medical institutions and vaccination units in the area should be strengthened continuously to reinforce the responsibilities of all levels and departments, especially the clinical diagnosis, treatment and reporting of medical institutions. Villages and towns with a small number of reported cases should be strengthened in their surveillance sensitivity and can be promoted in the light of the mutual evaluation of daily consultation calls and inoculation unit reports. And to strictly regulate vaccination operations, strengthen vaccine preservation and transportation, reduce AEFI occurred.