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中国乡村治理模式历经了县政乡治模式、人民公社体制、乡政村治格局三次大的变迁。目前“乡政村治”模式面临行政化、权力二元化、城市化等诸多挑战,从“乡政村治”向“县政乡社”模式转换是一种必然趋势。乡镇直选、村庄合并、农业税免除及乡镇机构改革等实践使“县政乡社”模式从构想一步步变成现实。
China’s rural governance model has undergone three major changes in the pattern of county and township governance, the system of people’s communes and the rule of township and village governance. At present, the mode of “township government and village governance” faces many challenges such as administration, dualization of power and urbanization. It is an inevitable trend to shift from the mode of “township government to village” to the mode of “county and township government”. The direct election of villages and towns, the merger of villages, the exemption of agricultural tax and the reform of township and town agencies have made the “county, township and village government” model a reality from concept to concept.