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The English edition of Zhu Rongji on the Record was launched in New York City on September 9， offering readers a chance to learn more about China’s reform and opening up during the former Chinese premier’s tenure of office.
The four-volume Chinese edition of the book was published in 2011. It’s a collection of speeches， articles， letters and instructions from Zhu when he was vice premier and premier of China from 1991 to 2003.
The English edition includes 112 articles selected from the Chinese edition， and will be released to the global market by Brookings Institution Press， in association with China’s Foreign Languages Press.
Former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger， former West Germany Chancellor Helmut Schmidt， wrote introductions for the book.
In a pre-recorded video message for the launching ceremony， Zhu thanked all the friends who have contributed their efforts to the book， with particular appreciation for Kissinger and Schmidt. He also expressed his best wishes for the American people.
Kissinger in his speech spoke highly of the role Zhu has played during China’s reform and opening up. He believes that through this book， readers could understand the innovative spirit of a whole generation of Chinese people who advanced bravely with an aim to fulfill Deng Xiaoping’s thought of reform and opening up.
Cleaner Air
A government plan released on September 12 says that China will take a multi-faceted approach in tackling the country’s air pollution.
The government aims to cut the density of inhalable particulate matter by at least 10 percent in major cities nationwide by 2017.
PM 2.5， a key indicator of air pollution， should fall by about 25 percent from 2012 levels recorded in Beijing and surrounding provincial areas by 2017， according to the plan.
The plan also says that the Yangtze Delta and the Pearl River Delta regions in the south of China will see reductions of 20 and 15 percent respectively， from their 2012 levels over the same period.
The plan lists strategies to cut coal use， shut down major contributors to air pollution and promote cleaner production methods.
Carrying out the plan will require an injection of funds amounting to around 1.75 trillion yuan （$286 billion） according to estimates from the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Medical Subsidies
The Chinese Government announced on September 11 a raise in medical in- surance subsidies for rural residents. The annual government grant for each participant in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Program will rise from 240 yuan （$39.22） to 280 yuan （$45.75）， according to a statement by the National Health and Family Planning Commission.
Under the program， the annual premium paid by individuals will be 70 yuan （$11.44）， 20 yuan （$3.27） more than that in 2012.
China launched the rural insurance scheme in 2003 to ensure that the country’s rural residents all have access to affordable medical treatment and to reduce poverty induced by medical fees.
The number of people covered by the program has increased from 80 million to more than 800 million， or 99 percent of the country’s total rural population， the commission’s figures showed.
Human Rights Forum
The Sixth Beijing Forum on Human Rights was held in the Chinese capital on September 12-13， with the theme being the building of a sustainable environment for human rights development.
The forum was co-organized by the China Society for Human Rights Studies， the largest human rights academic group in China， and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development， a major civil group. It discussed ties between human rights and the rule of law， social development， as well as regional security.
The annual event was first held in 2008 and has grown to be a key platform for human rights exchange internationally.
Diaoyu Islands Patrol
A seven-ship fleet from the China Coastguard patrolled the Chinese territorial waters surrounding the Diaoyu Islands on September 10， according to the State Oceanic Administration （SOA）.
It marked the 59th Diaoyu Islands patrol by Chinese law-enforcement vessels since September 2012， when Japan announced a plan to “purchase” the islands.
Chinese ships have conducted regular patrols around the Diaoyu Islands and have circled the islands at a minimum distance of 0.28 nautical miles， the SOA said.
Disability Care
Nearly 12.2 million disabled people in China had received treatment and recovered from their conditions to different degrees between the 2008 and 2012， according to data released by the China Disabled Persons’Federation （CDPF） on September 10.
The federation said that 205，000 rehabilitation centers， with a total of 353，000 staff， were set up in communities in 889 cities and 1，905 counties in the period. More than 1.5 million impoverished patients requiring cataract treatment received free operations， while 189，000 blind people took directed walking training. According to the CDPF， from 2008 to 2012， China established rehabilitation centers at both a provincial and a grass-roots level， offering rehabilitation programs concerning the hearing， language and limbs of patients. The country had improved treatment for mental patients， with 5.94 million people with severe mental illness having received treatment in the previous five years.
China has more than 85 million disabled people. The number is expected to exceed 160 million by 2050， according to estimates made by the CDPF.
Increase in Teachers
China has seen a surge in registered teachers as the country tries to improve the status and salary of the profession， the Ministry of Education said on September 9.
More than 14.6 million registered teachers were employed in about 530，000 schools to educate roughly 270 million students across the country in 2012， according to ministry figures.
Currently， one primary school teacher has to teach an average of 17.36 students， while the teacherstudent ratio in middle and high schools are 1： 13.59 and 1： 15.47， respectively. Around 71.63 percent of middle school teachers hold a bachelor’s degree or above， while more than 5 percent of all high school teachers have earned a master’s or doctoral degree.
Body Measurements
The China National Institute of Standardization is preparing for a national anthropometrical survey to examine the changes in the average physical measurements of the Chinese populace since the last such survey in 1986.
The survey will last an estimated five years， targeting Chinese citizens aged between 18 and 75 and sampling about 20，000 people in six areas with a broad geographical spread aimed at covering as much of the nation as possible， said Zhao Chaoyi， director of the institute’s anthropometrics lab， in an interview with Xinhua News Agency on September 9.
Since the Chinese Government’s approval of the survey in June， the institute has been working on a detailed plan for the work and expects to begin the survey in the latter half of 2014， Zhao said.
The institute did an anthropometrical survey of a much smaller scale on 3，000 people in 2009， when it found that the average measurements of Chinese citizens have changed a great deal since the last national survey. According to the 2009 research， the average weight of Chinese older than 35 had notably increased and the average waistline of an adult man had grown by 5 cm since 1986. Besides recording people’s basic measurements as the last survey did， researchers will also collect data on muscle strength， visual and hearing acuity and fingertip tactility. Algae Control
Chinese scientists announced on September 9 that they have developed a type of nano-material that can catalyze algae masses growing on water surfaces into soil.
Chinese lakes are often plagued by catastrophic outbreaks of bluegreen algae. Triggered by vast amounts of sewage water drained into rivers and lakes， it can exude bad odors， suffocate fish and turn the water a milky green shade. Algae pollution has been a severe problem particularly in three of China’s major freshwater lakes—Chaohu in Anhui Province， Taihu in Jiangsu Province and Dianchi in Yunnan Province.
Scientists with the Chinese University of Science and Technology said that laboratory tests had showed a single gram of the new nano-material can kill algae floating in an area equal in size to a basketball court.
Fan Chongzheng， who led the research， said that the catalyst leads to the biodegradation of the algae into an inorganic soil-like substance.
On the Way
Passengers wait to board a train at a railway station in Jinan， Shandong Province， on August 29.
China had 236 million “floating people”—those who left their places of origin to seek employment or education elsewhere—in 2012， said the National Health and Family Planning Commission on September 10.
More than half of the floating population of working age were born after 1980， according to the commission.
It also said that 75 percent of those floating people born after 1980 had left their hometown before turning 20， and more than 70 percent expect to settle down in big cities.
Advocator of Reforms
Chinese Premier Li Keqiang addresses the opening ceremony of the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2013， also known as Summer Davos， in Dalian， northeast China’s Liaoning Province， on September 11.
“As long as the economy runs within a reasonable range， we will keep macroeconomic policies generally stable and focus on shifting our growth model and on structural readjustment，” Li said.
The range is marked by a lower limit designed to ensure steady growth and job creation and an upper limit meant to avert inflation.
Treasury Futures
China re-launched trade of its Treasury bond （T-bond） futures on September 6， 18 years after banning it following a multi-billion-yuan trading scandal.
Three five-year T-bond futures contracts were traded on the Shanghai-based China Financial Futures Exchange （CFFEX）， and closed higher during the first trading day. The nation introduced T-bond futures in 1992 on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The trading was halted in 1995 after Wanguo Securities， then the nation’s largest brokerage， conducted illegal trading of a government bond futures contract， which led to multi-billionyuan losses and the bankruptcy of the company.
CFFEX Board Chairman Zhang Shenfeng told Xinhua News Agency that the re-launch came at a time when institutional investors have greater demand for risk-hedging tools amid more frequent fluctuations of interest rates.
It marked the second financial future product on the CFFEX after the exchange launched stock index futures trading in April 2010.
China’s outstanding T-bonds stand at around 7 trillion yuan （$1.14 trillion）， ranking second in Asia and sixth worldwide.
Analysts said the reintroduction is part of government efforts to encourage the development of the T-bond market， offer protection against market volatility and advance interest rate reform.
Solar Power Giant
China is expected to overtake Germany to become the world’s largest generator of solar power this year， said Zhang Xiaoqiang， Vice Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission， at the Summer Davos forum held in Dalian， Liaoning Province， on September 11.
The nation’s installed photovoltaic power capacity as of December 2012 was 6.5 million kilowatts （kw）， according to the China Electricity Council. China will add at least 10 million kw of capacity every year from 2013 to 2015， according to the State Council.
The rapid growth will enable China to have a total installed solar capacity of 35 million kw by 2015.
Zhang also said that the country’s wind power capacity has grown rapidly. Last year， wind power generation exceeded that produced by nuclear reactors， and it ranked 10th worldwide.
Emerging Tourists
The number of inbound tourists from emerging markets surged year on year in July， while visitors from developed countries continued to decline， according to National Tourism Administration （NTA） data.
The number of visitors from Viet Nam， Thailand and India grew 13.86 percent， 11.29 percent and 10.78 percent， respectively， in July. Tourists from Mexico grew 6.42 percent， according to the NTA.
Visitor numbers from the Unites States， Japan， South Korea， Australia and Canada dropped， NTA data showed. The slow economic recovery in developed countries led to decreasing tourist numbers from these nations. Tourism industry experts said China should work harder to attract visitors from emerging markets， including the other four economies of the BRICS group—Brazil， Russia， India and South Africa.
Geely Jobs in the UK
The London Taxi Co. restarted production of the famous black cab on September 11， six months after the business was rescued by China’s Geely Group.
Following improvements to London Taxi Co.’s manufacturing facilities in Coventry and the creation of around 66 new jobs， the company has once again commenced the building of new TX4 models on its production line.
Geely Group Chairman Li Shufu and Britain’s Business Secretary Vince Cable were present to officially start production.
Since Geely Group acquired the company in February 2013， it has cleared the inventory of vehicles that remained following the closure of the production facilities in 2012.
Once fully up and running， the production line will complete around 10 new taxis a day， five days a week， and the vehicles will be the most sophisticated ones produced by London Taxi Co. with additional quality improvements， said Geely.
Siemens’ New Plant
Siemens’ first overseas digital factory began operating in Chengdu， capital of southwest China’s Sichuan Province， on September 11， produc- ing goods for worldwide markets.
The Siemens Electronics Works Chengdu （SEWC）， built in the Chengdu Hi-Tech Zone， is highly digitalized from product design to manufacturing， said Anton Huber， CEO of Siemens AG Industrial Automation Division.
“The investment shows our confidence in further growth in China，”said Marc Wucherer， President of Industry Sector Siemens North East Asia.
He said SEWC will raise the R&D and production efficiency of Siemens automation products， and“shorten the time-to-market.”
SEWC mainly manufactures simatic industry automation products， providing control systems and solutions for industrial firms ranging from automobile， metallurgy， petrochemical， food and beverage， to infrastructure.
A Shipbuilding Breakthrough
A 180，000-ton deadweight superlarge bulk cargo ship is pulled out of a shipyard in Tianjin on September 11. The ship， 292 meters long and 45 meters wide， is so far the one with the largest deadweight in the history of Tianjin’s shipbuilding industry. It’s expected to be delivered to a French buyer by the end of 2013.
The four-volume Chinese edition of the book was published in 2011. It’s a collection of speeches， articles， letters and instructions from Zhu when he was vice premier and premier of China from 1991 to 2003.
The English edition includes 112 articles selected from the Chinese edition， and will be released to the global market by Brookings Institution Press， in association with China’s Foreign Languages Press.
Former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger， former West Germany Chancellor Helmut Schmidt， wrote introductions for the book.
In a pre-recorded video message for the launching ceremony， Zhu thanked all the friends who have contributed their efforts to the book， with particular appreciation for Kissinger and Schmidt. He also expressed his best wishes for the American people.
Kissinger in his speech spoke highly of the role Zhu has played during China’s reform and opening up. He believes that through this book， readers could understand the innovative spirit of a whole generation of Chinese people who advanced bravely with an aim to fulfill Deng Xiaoping’s thought of reform and opening up.
Cleaner Air
A government plan released on September 12 says that China will take a multi-faceted approach in tackling the country’s air pollution.
The government aims to cut the density of inhalable particulate matter by at least 10 percent in major cities nationwide by 2017.
PM 2.5， a key indicator of air pollution， should fall by about 25 percent from 2012 levels recorded in Beijing and surrounding provincial areas by 2017， according to the plan.
The plan also says that the Yangtze Delta and the Pearl River Delta regions in the south of China will see reductions of 20 and 15 percent respectively， from their 2012 levels over the same period.
The plan lists strategies to cut coal use， shut down major contributors to air pollution and promote cleaner production methods.
Carrying out the plan will require an injection of funds amounting to around 1.75 trillion yuan （$286 billion） according to estimates from the Ministry of Environmental Protection.
Medical Subsidies
The Chinese Government announced on September 11 a raise in medical in- surance subsidies for rural residents. The annual government grant for each participant in the New Rural Cooperative Medical Program will rise from 240 yuan （$39.22） to 280 yuan （$45.75）， according to a statement by the National Health and Family Planning Commission.
Under the program， the annual premium paid by individuals will be 70 yuan （$11.44）， 20 yuan （$3.27） more than that in 2012.
China launched the rural insurance scheme in 2003 to ensure that the country’s rural residents all have access to affordable medical treatment and to reduce poverty induced by medical fees.
The number of people covered by the program has increased from 80 million to more than 800 million， or 99 percent of the country’s total rural population， the commission’s figures showed.
Human Rights Forum
The Sixth Beijing Forum on Human Rights was held in the Chinese capital on September 12-13， with the theme being the building of a sustainable environment for human rights development.
The forum was co-organized by the China Society for Human Rights Studies， the largest human rights academic group in China， and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development， a major civil group. It discussed ties between human rights and the rule of law， social development， as well as regional security.
The annual event was first held in 2008 and has grown to be a key platform for human rights exchange internationally.
Diaoyu Islands Patrol
A seven-ship fleet from the China Coastguard patrolled the Chinese territorial waters surrounding the Diaoyu Islands on September 10， according to the State Oceanic Administration （SOA）.
It marked the 59th Diaoyu Islands patrol by Chinese law-enforcement vessels since September 2012， when Japan announced a plan to “purchase” the islands.
Chinese ships have conducted regular patrols around the Diaoyu Islands and have circled the islands at a minimum distance of 0.28 nautical miles， the SOA said.
Disability Care
Nearly 12.2 million disabled people in China had received treatment and recovered from their conditions to different degrees between the 2008 and 2012， according to data released by the China Disabled Persons’Federation （CDPF） on September 10.
The federation said that 205，000 rehabilitation centers， with a total of 353，000 staff， were set up in communities in 889 cities and 1，905 counties in the period. More than 1.5 million impoverished patients requiring cataract treatment received free operations， while 189，000 blind people took directed walking training. According to the CDPF， from 2008 to 2012， China established rehabilitation centers at both a provincial and a grass-roots level， offering rehabilitation programs concerning the hearing， language and limbs of patients. The country had improved treatment for mental patients， with 5.94 million people with severe mental illness having received treatment in the previous five years.
China has more than 85 million disabled people. The number is expected to exceed 160 million by 2050， according to estimates made by the CDPF.
Increase in Teachers
China has seen a surge in registered teachers as the country tries to improve the status and salary of the profession， the Ministry of Education said on September 9.
More than 14.6 million registered teachers were employed in about 530，000 schools to educate roughly 270 million students across the country in 2012， according to ministry figures.
Currently， one primary school teacher has to teach an average of 17.36 students， while the teacherstudent ratio in middle and high schools are 1： 13.59 and 1： 15.47， respectively. Around 71.63 percent of middle school teachers hold a bachelor’s degree or above， while more than 5 percent of all high school teachers have earned a master’s or doctoral degree.
Body Measurements
The China National Institute of Standardization is preparing for a national anthropometrical survey to examine the changes in the average physical measurements of the Chinese populace since the last such survey in 1986.
The survey will last an estimated five years， targeting Chinese citizens aged between 18 and 75 and sampling about 20，000 people in six areas with a broad geographical spread aimed at covering as much of the nation as possible， said Zhao Chaoyi， director of the institute’s anthropometrics lab， in an interview with Xinhua News Agency on September 9.
Since the Chinese Government’s approval of the survey in June， the institute has been working on a detailed plan for the work and expects to begin the survey in the latter half of 2014， Zhao said.
The institute did an anthropometrical survey of a much smaller scale on 3，000 people in 2009， when it found that the average measurements of Chinese citizens have changed a great deal since the last national survey. According to the 2009 research， the average weight of Chinese older than 35 had notably increased and the average waistline of an adult man had grown by 5 cm since 1986. Besides recording people’s basic measurements as the last survey did， researchers will also collect data on muscle strength， visual and hearing acuity and fingertip tactility. Algae Control
Chinese scientists announced on September 9 that they have developed a type of nano-material that can catalyze algae masses growing on water surfaces into soil.
Chinese lakes are often plagued by catastrophic outbreaks of bluegreen algae. Triggered by vast amounts of sewage water drained into rivers and lakes， it can exude bad odors， suffocate fish and turn the water a milky green shade. Algae pollution has been a severe problem particularly in three of China’s major freshwater lakes—Chaohu in Anhui Province， Taihu in Jiangsu Province and Dianchi in Yunnan Province.
Scientists with the Chinese University of Science and Technology said that laboratory tests had showed a single gram of the new nano-material can kill algae floating in an area equal in size to a basketball court.
Fan Chongzheng， who led the research， said that the catalyst leads to the biodegradation of the algae into an inorganic soil-like substance.
On the Way
Passengers wait to board a train at a railway station in Jinan， Shandong Province， on August 29.
China had 236 million “floating people”—those who left their places of origin to seek employment or education elsewhere—in 2012， said the National Health and Family Planning Commission on September 10.
More than half of the floating population of working age were born after 1980， according to the commission.
It also said that 75 percent of those floating people born after 1980 had left their hometown before turning 20， and more than 70 percent expect to settle down in big cities.
Advocator of Reforms
Chinese Premier Li Keqiang addresses the opening ceremony of the Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2013， also known as Summer Davos， in Dalian， northeast China’s Liaoning Province， on September 11.
“As long as the economy runs within a reasonable range， we will keep macroeconomic policies generally stable and focus on shifting our growth model and on structural readjustment，” Li said.
The range is marked by a lower limit designed to ensure steady growth and job creation and an upper limit meant to avert inflation.
Treasury Futures
China re-launched trade of its Treasury bond （T-bond） futures on September 6， 18 years after banning it following a multi-billion-yuan trading scandal.
Three five-year T-bond futures contracts were traded on the Shanghai-based China Financial Futures Exchange （CFFEX）， and closed higher during the first trading day. The nation introduced T-bond futures in 1992 on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The trading was halted in 1995 after Wanguo Securities， then the nation’s largest brokerage， conducted illegal trading of a government bond futures contract， which led to multi-billionyuan losses and the bankruptcy of the company.
CFFEX Board Chairman Zhang Shenfeng told Xinhua News Agency that the re-launch came at a time when institutional investors have greater demand for risk-hedging tools amid more frequent fluctuations of interest rates.
It marked the second financial future product on the CFFEX after the exchange launched stock index futures trading in April 2010.
China’s outstanding T-bonds stand at around 7 trillion yuan （$1.14 trillion）， ranking second in Asia and sixth worldwide.
Analysts said the reintroduction is part of government efforts to encourage the development of the T-bond market， offer protection against market volatility and advance interest rate reform.
Solar Power Giant
China is expected to overtake Germany to become the world’s largest generator of solar power this year， said Zhang Xiaoqiang， Vice Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission， at the Summer Davos forum held in Dalian， Liaoning Province， on September 11.
The nation’s installed photovoltaic power capacity as of December 2012 was 6.5 million kilowatts （kw）， according to the China Electricity Council. China will add at least 10 million kw of capacity every year from 2013 to 2015， according to the State Council.
The rapid growth will enable China to have a total installed solar capacity of 35 million kw by 2015.
Zhang also said that the country’s wind power capacity has grown rapidly. Last year， wind power generation exceeded that produced by nuclear reactors， and it ranked 10th worldwide.
Emerging Tourists
The number of inbound tourists from emerging markets surged year on year in July， while visitors from developed countries continued to decline， according to National Tourism Administration （NTA） data.
The number of visitors from Viet Nam， Thailand and India grew 13.86 percent， 11.29 percent and 10.78 percent， respectively， in July. Tourists from Mexico grew 6.42 percent， according to the NTA.
Visitor numbers from the Unites States， Japan， South Korea， Australia and Canada dropped， NTA data showed. The slow economic recovery in developed countries led to decreasing tourist numbers from these nations. Tourism industry experts said China should work harder to attract visitors from emerging markets， including the other four economies of the BRICS group—Brazil， Russia， India and South Africa.
Geely Jobs in the UK
The London Taxi Co. restarted production of the famous black cab on September 11， six months after the business was rescued by China’s Geely Group.
Following improvements to London Taxi Co.’s manufacturing facilities in Coventry and the creation of around 66 new jobs， the company has once again commenced the building of new TX4 models on its production line.
Geely Group Chairman Li Shufu and Britain’s Business Secretary Vince Cable were present to officially start production.
Since Geely Group acquired the company in February 2013， it has cleared the inventory of vehicles that remained following the closure of the production facilities in 2012.
Once fully up and running， the production line will complete around 10 new taxis a day， five days a week， and the vehicles will be the most sophisticated ones produced by London Taxi Co. with additional quality improvements， said Geely.
Siemens’ New Plant
Siemens’ first overseas digital factory began operating in Chengdu， capital of southwest China’s Sichuan Province， on September 11， produc- ing goods for worldwide markets.
The Siemens Electronics Works Chengdu （SEWC）， built in the Chengdu Hi-Tech Zone， is highly digitalized from product design to manufacturing， said Anton Huber， CEO of Siemens AG Industrial Automation Division.
“The investment shows our confidence in further growth in China，”said Marc Wucherer， President of Industry Sector Siemens North East Asia.
He said SEWC will raise the R&D and production efficiency of Siemens automation products， and“shorten the time-to-market.”
SEWC mainly manufactures simatic industry automation products， providing control systems and solutions for industrial firms ranging from automobile， metallurgy， petrochemical， food and beverage， to infrastructure.
A Shipbuilding Breakthrough
A 180，000-ton deadweight superlarge bulk cargo ship is pulled out of a shipyard in Tianjin on September 11. The ship， 292 meters long and 45 meters wide， is so far the one with the largest deadweight in the history of Tianjin’s shipbuilding industry. It’s expected to be delivered to a French buyer by the end of 2013.