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冷害已成为我国杂交水稻发展中影响安全生产的一大问题,而与超级杂交稻密切关联的大穗型水稻的耐冷性鉴定尚没有成型的方法。以21个现有杂交稻水稻大穗型父本品种(品系)为材料,在水稻花粉母细胞减数分裂期采用人工气候室模拟当地水稻典型受害气象条件,进行连续7d低温处理(日平均温度17.5℃),以受精率和毎穗颖花数为联合筛选指标进行了低温耐性筛选试验。结果表明,根据各品种对低温的反应,可将其分为4种类型,分别为耐低温型、较耐低温型、较感低温型和低温敏感型。其中BL006、R-HQ和香八等3品种属于耐低温型,C-418属于低温敏可感型。经在水稻花粉母细胞减数分裂期低温处理后,耐低温型品种BL006、R-HQ和香八的颖花受精率和毎穗颖花数受影响较小,花药长度变化不大,每柱头花粉总数、花粉萌发数和花粉萌发率降幅小;相反,低温敏感型品种C-418受精率和每穗颖花数严重下降,花药长度大幅减小,每柱头花粉总数、花粉萌发数和花粉萌发率显著降低。由此证明,针对大穗型水稻品种的耐冷性鉴定,采用颖花受精率和每穗颖花数作为联合筛选指标的人工气候室模拟鉴定法可能是一种可行的方法。
Chilling injury has become a major issue affecting the safety in the development of hybrid rice in China. However, the identification of cold tolerance in large panicle rice closely related to super hybrid rice has not been made. A total of 21 existing large-spike paternal rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrid rice varieties were used to simulate the typical damage of local rice in the meiosis stage of pollen mother cells in the meiosis stage of rice pollens. The average daily temperature 17.5 ℃). The screening test of low temperature tolerance was carried out with the combination of fertilization rate and spikelet number per spike. The results showed that, according to the variety of low temperature response, it can be divided into four types, namely low temperature resistant, low temperature resistant, low temperature sensitive and low temperature sensitive. Which BL006, R-HQ and incense eight varieties are low-temperature-resistant type, C-418 is a low-temperature sensitive type. After low temperature treatment at the meiosis stage of rice pollen mother cells, the pollen fertility rate and spikelet number per spike of BL006, R-HQ and Xiangbao were less affected, and the length of anthers changed little. The number of pollen germination and pollen germination decreased slightly. On the contrary, the fertilization rate of C-418 and the number of spikelet per panicle declined significantly, the length of anther decreased significantly, the total number of pollen per head, pollen germination number and pollen germination rate Significantly lower. This proves that the identification of cold tolerance in large panicle rice varieties may be a feasible method using artificial climate chamber simulation identification method using the spikelet fertilization rate and spikelet number per panicle as the joint screening index.