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目的调查分析一起生活饮用水污染事故发生的原因,探讨及时有力的控制措施。方法采取横断面调查方法,对水源污染原因、患者临床表现、流行病学资料和实验室检验结果进行调查分析。结果此次生活饮用水污染事件共计造成869人发病,发病率为32.24%,首发病例发生于5月9日上午8:00,12日下午5:00后无新发病例,潜伏期为2～6d。患者年龄最小1岁,最大75岁。经统计学分析不同年龄之间发病差异有统计学意义(χ2=48.51,P<0.05),且以低年龄组儿童及年老者发病居多。男女发病比例为1∶1.1。受污染的井水和居民生活饮用水感官指标差,浑浊度大于5度,可闻及粪腥臭味,肉眼可见絮状物及黑色泥沙样沉淀:阴离子合成洗涤剂浓度超过《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)限值,为对照水样的70～80倍,余氯低于标准限值,氨氮、细菌总数、总大肠菌群等指标均严重超标。并从被污染的2份末梢水中分离出致病性大肠杆菌,血清型为O55。从2例患者的粪便中培养分离出致病性大肠杆菌。结论本次突发事件是一起水型感染性腹泻暴发,卫生监督机构应加强饮用水监督,确保饮用水的安全卫生。
Objective To investigate and analyze the causes of a drinking water pollution accident and to discuss timely and effective control measures. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted to investigate the causes of water pollution, clinical manifestations, epidemiological data and laboratory test results. Results The total drinking water pollution incidents caused a total of 869 incidences, the incidence rate was 32.24%. The first cases occurred at 8:00 on the May 9th and no new cases after 5:00 on the 12th. The incubation period was 2 ~ 6 days . The youngest patient is 1 year old and the oldest is 75 years old. The statistical analysis of the incidence of different age was statistically significant (χ2 = 48.51, P <0.05), and the majority of children and the elderly in the low age group. Male and female incidence ratio of 1: 1.1. The contaminated well water and residents drinking water sensory indicators of poor, turbidity greater than 5 degrees, smell and fecal smell, the naked eye can see floc and black sediment-like sediment: anionic synthetic detergent concentration over the “drinking water hygiene Norms ”(2001) limit, 70-80 times that of the control water samples, residual chlorine below the standard limit, ammonia nitrogen, total bacteria, total coliform bacteria and other indicators were seriously exceeded. The pathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated from 2 contaminated peripheral waters and the serotype was O55. Pathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated from feces of 2 patients. Conclusion The incident is an outbreak of waterborne infectious diarrhea. Health supervision agencies should strengthen supervision of drinking water to ensure the safety and health of drinking water.