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目的:探讨X射线辐照处理对乌拉尔甘草中三萜类及黄酮类有效成分含量的影响,提高栽培甘草的突变率,为甘草的分子育种奠定基础。方法:分别采用不同辐射剂量的X射线对甘草种子进行辐照处理,栽培1年后采收。采用HPLC测定甘草样品中2种三萜类成分(甘草酸、异甘草酸)及4种黄酮类成分(甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素及异甘草素)的含量,计算各成分产量,应用非参数检验进行统计学分析。结果:X射线辐照样品中三萜类和黄酮类有效成分的含量及产量均高于空白组。各有效成分产量随辐射剂量增加而呈先上升后下降再上升趋势。当辐射剂量为5 Gy时,各化合物的产量与空白组相比显著提高;当辐射剂量增加至10 Gy时,各化合物产量有所下降;当辐射剂量增加至20 Gy时,化合物产量再次明显提高,并在辐射剂量为50 Gy时达到最大值。结论:X射线辐照处理能增加甘草生物量及其有效物质的含量和产量,其机制可能是X射线引起甘草基因突变,从而引起代谢物的变化。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of X-ray irradiation on the content of triterpenoids and flavonoids in Ural licorice and to improve the mutation rate of cultivated licorice, which laid the foundation for the molecular breeding of licorice. Methods: Radix Glycyrrhizae Radix was irradiated with different doses of X-ray and harvested for 1 year. The contents of two triterpenes (glycyrrhizic acid and isoglycolic acid) and four flavonoids (glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritigenin) in licorice samples were determined by HPLC. The yield of each component was calculated. Nonparametric test for statistical analysis. Results: The content and yield of triterpenoids and flavonoids in X-ray irradiation samples were higher than those in blank group. With the increase of radiation dose, the yield of each active ingredient showed the first increase, then the decrease and then the upward trend. When the radiation dose was 5 Gy, the yield of each compound was significantly increased compared with the blank group. When the radiation dose was increased to 10 Gy, the yield of each compound decreased. When the radiation dose was increased to 20 Gy, the yield of the compound significantly increased , And reached its maximum at a dose of 50 Gy. Conclusion: X-ray irradiation can increase the content and yield of licorice biomass and its effective substances, which may be caused by X-ray mutation of licorice gene, which leads to the changes of metabolites.