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3 形式美的法则 ①变化与统一是形式美的总法则 a 变化 指由性质相异的东西并置在一起,造成显著的对比感觉。形体的相异,色彩的相异等都能产生变化,其特点是生动活泼,富有动感。 b 统一 指由性质相同或相似的东西并置在一起,造成一致的或具有一致趋势的感觉。统一可分和谐型、主从型和平衡型等三种类型。和谐型是画面中的各种形象和色彩具有同一性,都趋向于一个基调。主从型是画面中的各种形象和色彩都按主从关系来安排,次要的陪衬烘托主要的。平衡型是画面中的各种形象和色彩之间的矛盾,通过对比和转化等处理,取得相对平衡。 统一的特点是严肃、庄重、宁静、但易呆滞。一幅装饰画只有变化,没有统一,就会杂乱无章;只有统一,没有变化,就会呆板乏味。只有两者有机结合,变化中求统一,统一中寓变化,才能获得既生动又谐调的艺术效果。 ②形式美的基本法则是由总法则“变化与统一”派生出来的。“变化与统一”贯穿于“对称”、“均衡”、“调和”、“对比”、
3 the principle of formal beauty ① change and unity is the general principle of formal beauty a change refers to the nature of different things and put together, resulting in a significant contrast. Different physical forms, colors and other differences can produce changes, which is characterized by lively, full of dynamic. b Unification refers to bringing together things of the same or similar nature to create a consistent or consistent tendency. Uniform can be divided into harmonious type, master-slave type and balance type three types. Harmony is the picture of a variety of images and colors have the sameness, all tend to a tone. The master-slave type is a variety of images and colors in the picture are arranged according to the master-slave relationship, the secondary foil set off the main. The balance type is the contradiction between various images and colors in the picture. Through the comparison and conversion, the balance is obtained. Uniform characteristics are serious, solemn, quiet, but easy to sluggish. Only a change of decorative painting, there is no uniform, it will be disorganized; only unity, no change, it will be dull. Only when the two are combined organically and the changes seek unity and change in unity will the vivid and harmonious artistic effects be obtained. ② The basic principle of formal beauty is derived from the “general rule of change and unity.” “Change and unification” runs through “symmetry”, “equilibrium”, “reconciliation”, “contrast”