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本文试图运用熊彼特的技术创新和“创造性破坏”理论来解释收入差距振荡式扩大的动态特征。研究的结论是在以“创造性破坏”为特征的经济增长过程中,收入差距会扩大,而且创造性破坏的程度越强,经济增长速度越高,收入差距越大。其社会基础和原因是社会分工和阶层差异,这种差异会在经济增长过程中再度拉大。在方法上,本文用物理模型形象地描述了差距扩大过程,揭示了增长模型中定点状态分析方法的缺陷。对具体过程进行分析表明,收入差距扩大的方式为振荡式,这种振荡特征由个体和技术之间的动态竞争性质———“创造性破坏”决定。美国家庭收入的经验分析证实,在动态竞争的经济增长过程中,收入差距确实在振荡中扩大。
This paper attempts to explain the dynamic characteristics of the oscillating expansion of income disparity using Schumpeterian technological innovation and “creative destruction” theory. The conclusion of the study is that in the process of economic growth characterized by “creative destruction”, the income gap will widen, and the greater the degree of creative destruction and the higher the economic growth rate, the greater the income gap. Its social basis and the reason are the social division of labor and the stratum differences, which will be widened again in the process of economic growth. In terms of method, this paper describes the process of gap expansion by using the physical model, and reveals the shortcomings of the method of fixed-point state analysis in growth model. An analysis of the specific process shows that the way of widening income gap is oscillatory, and this oscillatory characteristic is determined by the nature of dynamic competition between individuals and technologies --- “creative destruction”. An empirical analysis of US household income confirms that the income gap did indeed widen in the oscillation during the period of dynamic and competitive economic growth.