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生物技术已成为动物,植物和微生物细胞控制的一种强有力的新工具。一般来说,这些发展于细胞和分子生物学的技术,将具有潜在的应用价值。根据微生物和动物系统成功的基础,生物技术产品已出现在市场上,包括有价值的药剂、疫苗和诊断探针等。植物生物技术落后于微生物和动物系统的发展,主要因为我们缺乏有关植物的生长,发育和分子生物学方面的知识。因此,植物生物技术便难以为我们提供一种具有重要商品或农业价值的改良植物或植物的产品。 谷类植物除提供动物饲料外,还为人类提供世界上一半以上的粮食。显然,提高谷类植物的产量或质量将具有世界性的影响,同其它禾本科植物一样,谷类植物的离体操作通常比较困难。本文将概述近十年来在细胞培养和遗传控制方面的一些重要进展。
Biotechnology has become a powerful new tool for the control of cells in animals, plants and microorganisms. In general, these technologies that are developed in cellular and molecular biology will have potential applications. Based on the success of microbiology and animal systems, biotech products have appeared on the market, including valuable pharmaceuticals, vaccines and diagnostic probes. Plant biotechnology lags behind the development of micro-organisms and animal systems mainly because we lack knowledge about plant growth, development and molecular biology. It is therefore difficult for plant biotechnology to provide us with a modified plant or plant product of important commercial or agricultural value. In addition to providing animal feed, cereals provide more than half of the world’s food to humankind. Obviously, increasing the yield or quality of cereals will have a worldwide impact. As with any gramineous plant, ex vivo manipulation of cereals is often difficult. This article will outline some of the major advances in cell culture and genetic control in the last decade.