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动脉血压降低引起全身毛细血管网灌注不足,在此种情况下,通常有一些代偿性反射以阻止这种情况的发生,对于这些代偿机制的了解有助于确定低血压的病因和治疗.在某些血管床(如脑),一些内在性局部组织因素对通过的血流进行调节(自体调节),但除去这些因素外,还存在着一些控制全身动脉压的因素.血压是心排出量、周围血管阻力和血容量的乘积.心排出量主要取决于左室舒张末期容量、心肌收缩性和心率;周围血管阻力主要取决于血管平滑肌收缩的程度,其次是血液的粘滞性和血管长度.副交感神经系统主要影响心率;交感神经可影响心率、心脏的收缩性和血管平滑肌的收缩.颈动脉窦和主动脉弓的压力感受器通过舌咽和迷走神经
Arterial blood pressure causes systemic capillary network hypoperfusion, in which case there are usually compensatory reflections to prevent this from happening and understanding of these compensatory mechanisms can help determine the cause and treatment of hypotension. In some vascular beds (such as the brain), some intrinsic local tissue factors regulate (autoregulate) the flow through, but there are some factors that control systemic arterial pressure, other than these. Blood pressure is cardiac output , Peripheral vascular resistance and blood volume product of cardiac output mainly depends on left ventricular end-diastolic volume, myocardial contractility and heart rate; peripheral vascular resistance mainly depends on the degree of vascular smooth muscle contraction, followed by blood viscosity and vascular length Parasympathetic nervous system mainly affects heart rate; Sympathetic nerve can affect heart rate, cardiac contractility and vascular smooth muscle contraction. Carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptor through the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve