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本研究通过对吴旗飞播沙打旺草地(由播种到衰败后,前后13年)产量动态和土壤水分变化的分析,论述了黄土高原半干旱区沙打旺充分利用土地、水分资源,控制水土流失,改良土壤,提高土地生产力的重要作用。沙打旺草地通过改善土壤物理性质和肥力状况,减少径流、土壤蒸发等水分无效损耗,使降水和土壤储水变为有效水,从而提高了水分利用率。在3～7年生沙打旺草地中产草量为荒山草地的8倍,而总耗水量仅为荒山草地的1.3倍。沙打旺衰败后,2～3年内,后茬作物或天然草类产量均较对照提高1～2倍。本研究为建立草—畜—农稳定高效农业系统提供了科学依据。同时就土壤水分平衡问题提出了提高水分利用率,在一个较长时间的周期中实现相对平衡的论点和实行草粮宽带间轮作的战略措施。
In this study, through the analysis of yield dynamics and soil moisture change of Wuqifei sowing and sowing on the pasture (from sowing to decay, before and after 13 years), this paper discussed the use of land and water resources in Shawangwang semi-arid area of Loess Plateau, Drain, improve the soil, improve land productivity. By improving soil physical properties and fertility status and reducing ineffective water loss such as runoff and soil evaporation, Shatianwang grassland turns precipitation and soil water into effective water, thereby increasing water use efficiency. In 3 ~ 7-year-old sand Mongolian prairie land middle-yield grassland 8 times, while the total water consumption is only 1.3 times the barren mountain grassland. After the decline of sand and Mongolian wilt, the output of the following crop or natural grasses increased 1-2 times compared with the control within 2 ~ 3 years. This study provides a scientific basis for the establishment of grass-livestock-peasant stable and efficient agricultural system. At the same time, we put forward the strategic measures of improving water use efficiency, achieving relative balance in a long time period and carrying out the rotation between grass and breadstuffs on the issue of soil water balance.