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目的：本研究旨在对单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）进行羧基化改性并对改性前后的SWCNT进行血液相容性研究。方法利用浓硫酸与浓硝酸(3：1，v/v)将SWCNT氧化成羧基化单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT-COOH)，采用红外光谱仪（FTIR）、马尔文激光粒径仪进行材料表征。采用扫描电子显微镜（TEM）观察修饰前后的SWCNT对红细胞聚集和形貌的影响。采用血栓弹力图仪(TEG)检测修饰前后的SWCNT对凝血功能的影响。结果利用化学氧化法成功地将SWCNT表面进行羧基化处理。10 mg/ml的SWCNT-COOH引起红细胞聚集和形貌变化。0.01 mg/ml SWCNT和0.001 mg/ml SWCNT-COOH促进了凝血因子的活化。结论用浓硫酸和浓硝酸氧化法可有效地制备SWCNT-COOH。通过红细胞形态观察和凝血实验，揭示了SWCNT和SWCNT-COOH的血液相容性，为SWCNT-COOH的优化设计和生物医学应用提供了重要的依据。“,”Objective In this study, carboxyl single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOH) were prepared, and their hemocompatibility studied. Methods SWCNT was treated with H2SO4/HNO3 mixture. The introduction of carboxyl groups on SWCNT was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential analyzer. The effect of SWCNT and SWCNT-COOH on red blood cell morphology and blood coagulation was studied by scanning electron microscope (TEM) observation and thromboelastography (TEG) assay, respectively. Results SWCNT-COOH was successfully synthesized as confirmed by FITC and zeta potential measurement. SWCNT-COOH at 10 mg/ml caused aggregation and morphological alteration of red blood cells. SWCNT at 0.01 mg/ml and SWCNT-COOH at 0.001 mg/ml promoted the activity of clotting factors. Conclusion SWCNT-COOH can be successfully prepared by oxidation with H2SO4/HNO3 mixture. The information on the effect of SWCNT and SWCNT-COOH on red blood cell aggregation and morphological change, and on blood coagulation is important for their design and biomedical applications.