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在对某锻造环件进行超声波检测时,在一个端面发现有较大面积的超标反射回波,但是在另一端面却没有对应的波形显示,并且未发现缺陷波时的底波却下降了,由于该环形件的高度和衰减系数均较小,所以初步判定存在与声束入射面夹角较大的缺陷或密集小缺陷。荧光与金相验证试验证明,零件的端面和内圆周面存在锻造折叠裂纹,该裂纹与入射纵波声束轴线成61°和45°夹角。定性分析了超声波检测时深度位置为33和20格处的两个特殊波形,通过定量计算,证实了其为61°和45°缺陷的特殊反射波形。试验分析为在实际检测中区别61°纵波产生的变形横波以及45°反射纵波提供了思路,避免了缺陷的误判。
When a forging ring is detected by ultrasonic wave, there is a large area of over-reflection echo on one end surface, but no corresponding waveform is displayed on the other end surface, and the bottom wave in the absence of defect wave is decreased. Because of the small height and attenuation coefficient of the ring, it is preliminarily determined that there is a defect with a large included angle with the incident surface of the sound beam or a small dense defect. Fluorescence and metallographic verification tests show that there are forged folding cracks on the end face and the inner circumference of the part, which are at an angle of 61 ° and 45 ° to the incident longitudinal wave beam axis. Qualitative analysis of the two special waveforms at the 33 and 20 grid depth positions during ultrasonic inspection proved that they were special reflection waveforms of 61 ° and 45 ° defects by quantitative calculation. Experimental analysis provides a way of thinking to distinguish the deformed shear waves generated by 61 ° longitudinal waves from the 45 ° reflected longitudinal waves in actual testing, and avoids the misjudgment of defects.