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目的了解某铝业对周边居民健康影响现状,为政府及企业制定相关防治对策提供科学依据。方法于2015年对西南某地一处有近20年生产历史并停产1年的综合性铝业公司,在其周边选择3个行政村作为污染区,同时选择1个行政村作为对照区。采集8~12岁儿童和18~70岁居民尿液及其家中粮食、蔬菜等食物,以及饮用水和所在村空气样本,检测样本氟含量及尿样肌酐,应用点评估方法计算居民环境氟暴露量,评价暴露风险和健康危害水平。结果 8~15岁和18~70岁居民经食物、饮水和空气摄入氟化物量依次分别为污染区0.243 1mg/d、0.321 1mg/d和对照区0.274 6mg/d、0.410 5mg/d,总氟摄入量均低于《人群总摄氟量卫生标准》规定。但污染区儿童和成人群体尿氟几何均值分别为0.46 mg/L、0.58 mg/L,虽未超过国家有关标准限值,但显著高于对照区儿童(0.34 mg/L)和成人(0.32 mg/L),并且污染区儿童氟斑牙患病率(14.11%)明显高于对照区(1.76%),最高的B村小学儿童氟斑牙检出率高达38.36%。结论该企业周边饮用水、食物和空气等环境介质总体安全,但应持续关注居民尿氟高负荷和儿童氟斑牙高患病率问题,企业在后续的技术改造升级过程中应采取有效措施,确保周边居民身体健康。
Objective To understand the status quo of a certain aluminum industry on the health of surrounding residents and provide a scientific basis for the government and enterprises to formulate relevant prevention and control measures. Methods In 2015, a comprehensive aluminum company with a production history of nearly 20 years and a production stoppage of one year in a certain place in the southwest of China was selected. Three administrative villages were selected as the polluted area in its periphery, and one administrative village was selected as the control area. Urine samples of 8-12-year-olds, residents of 18-70 years old and food, vegetables and other foods at home were collected, air samples of drinking water and village were collected, fluoride content of samples and urine creatinine were measured. Quantity, evaluate the exposure risk and health hazard level. Results The fluoride intake of food intake, drinking water intake and air intake by residents aged 8-15 years and 18-70 years were 0.243 1mg / d, 0.321 1mg / d and 0.274 6mg / d and 0.410 5mg / d respectively in the contaminated area Fluorine intake were lower than the “total population fluorine fluoride health standards” provisions. However, the urinary fluoride geometric mean values of children and adults in the polluted area were 0.46 mg / L and 0.58 mg / L respectively, which were not significantly higher than those of the national standard (0.34 mg / L) and adults (0.32 mg / L) / L), and the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis in children in contaminated area (14.11%) was significantly higher than that in control area (1.76%). The highest detection rate of dental fluorosis in primary B village children was 38.36%. Conclusion The environmental media such as drinking water, food and air around the enterprise are generally safe. However, the urinary fluoride high load and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children should be kept in mind. Enterprises should take effective measures in the follow-up technological upgrading process, To ensure that the surrounding residents in good health.