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目的:了解东莞市2009-2014年手足口病流行病学特征,为手足口病防治提供科学依据。方法:采样描述性流行病学方法对2009-2014年中国疾病监测报告系统的东莞市手足口病病例进行流行病学分析。结果:2009—2014年东莞市累计报告手足口病病例176 263例,其中重症707例,死亡19例。全市手足口病发病有明显的季节性,每年3月发病开始上升,4-7月为发病主高峰,8-10月出现一个次高峰。全市32个镇区均有手足口病病例报告,6年平均发病率最高的是东城(0.64%),最低的是石龙(0.17%)。发病人群以5岁以下儿童为主,1岁左右的儿童出现发病高峰。男性病例多于女性。职业构成中,以散居儿童、托幼儿童和学生为主,以上3种职业构成比占总病例数的99.60%。实验室诊断病例中普通病例2 110例,重症病例707例。重症病例以EV71为主,占81.47%,普通病例以其他肠道病毒为主,占46.02%。6年共报告手足口病暴发疫情18起,发病325例。暴发疫情主要集中在幼儿园。结论2009-2014年手足口病基本呈现逐年上升趋势,5岁以下儿童是主要发病人群,重症病例主要由EV71引起。暴发疫情高发场所在托幼机构。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease from 2009 to 2014 in Dongguan City and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to carry out epidemiological analysis of HFMD cases in Dongguan in 2009-2014. Results: A total of 176 263 HFMD cases were reported in Dongguan in 2009-2014, of which 707 were severe and 19 were fatal. The city’s hand-foot-mouth disease has obvious seasonal onset in March each year the onset began to rise, April-July as the main peak incidence, 8-10 months appeared a sub-peak. There are cases of hand-foot-mouth disease in 32 towns and districts of the whole city. The highest average incidence rate in 6 years is Dongcheng (0.64%) and the lowest is Shilong (0.17%). The incidence of children under 5 years of age, 1-year-old children appear peak incidence. More males than females. Occupational composition, to scattered children, nurseries and children-based students, the above three occupational composition of the total number of cases accounted for 99.60%. There were 110 cases of common laboratory diagnoses and 707 cases of severe cases. The major cases were EV71, accounting for 81.47%. The other common cases were other enteroviruses, accounting for 46.02%. 6 years reported a total of 18 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease outbreak, 325 cases of onset. Outbreaks are mainly concentrated in kindergartens. Conclusion Hand-foot-mouth disease (2009-2014) shows an upward trend year by year. Children under 5 years of age are the major pathogens, and severe cases are mainly caused by EV71. Outbreak of high incidence of places in nurseries.