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目的通过对2004—2011年西安市风疹的发病资料进行分析,了解其发病情况及其流行病学特征,为控制风疹和先天性风疹综合征(CRS)提供科学依据。方法导出中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2004—2011年西安市风疹报告病例,应用Excel软件对数据进行描述性统计分析。结果 2004—2011年间累计报告风疹4 704例,年平均发病率为7.40/10万,无死亡病例。风疹流行周期约为4 a,2007和2011年为流行高峰年。发病高峰月为3—7月。地区分布表现为城区发病率较高,郊县阎良区发病率最高(16.65/10万)。男性发病2 705例,女性1954例。男性发病人数明显高于女性。近年风疹发病呈现逐渐向大龄人群推移的趋势。年龄组发病率比较,10～25岁发病率较高,且以10～15岁年龄组最高,职业分布以学生为主,学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童总病例占全市病例总数的90.18%。结论西安市2004—2011年风疹呈周期性流行,建议制定针对性强的综合性预防措施,加强卫生宣传和健康教育工作,加强风疹疫苗的免疫接种工作;尽快制订育龄期人群风疹免疫策略,预防控制风疹暴发。
Objective To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Xi’an from 2004 to 2011 and provide a scientific basis for the control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Methods A case report of rubella in Xi’an of China from 2004 to 2011 was derived from China CDC. The data were descriptively analyzed by Excel software. Results A total of 4 704 rubella cases were reported during 2004-2011, with an average annual incidence rate of 7.40 / 100,000 without any deaths. The epidemic cycle of rubella is about 4 years, and 2007 and 2011 are the peak of the epidemic. Peak incidence month for the March-July. Regional distribution showed a higher incidence of urban areas, suburbs Yanlian highest incidence (16.65 / 100,000). There were 2 705 cases of males and 1954 females. The incidence of men was significantly higher than that of women. In recent years, the incidence of rubella appears to gradually shift to the older population trend. Incidence of age groups, 10 to 25-year-old higher incidence, and the highest age group 10 to 15, occupational distribution to students, students, child care and scattered children accounted for 90.18% of the total number of cases in the city. Conclusion The epidemic situation of rubella in Xi’an from 2004 to 2011 is cyclical. It is suggested that we should formulate comprehensive and targeted preventive measures, strengthen health promotion and health education, and intensify the immunization of rubella vaccine. As soon as possible, we should formulate immunization strategies for rubella in children of childbearing age, Control outbreaks of rubella.