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球蓟(Cynara Scolymusl),又名菜蓟或朝鲜蓟,是菊科多年生植物,原产欧洲地中海地区。球蓟株高1-2米,叶片羽状深裂,浓绿上举,似古代战戟。硕大的花蕾如勇士挥拳,势不可挡。头状花序总苞开放时,密插紫色管状花的半球形花盘就像绚丽夺目的大蓝宝石,傲然熠熠于绿丛中。由此,散发着浓郁的欧洲风情的球蓟,又使人对古罗马战场的联想油然而生。球蓟有观赏型和食用型,食用型也可用于观赏。花苞的肥嫩苞片和肉质花托是欧美人民喜食的高档蔬菜,可烤、炸、调、氽作出各种味甘香饴的西式菜点,还可加工成罐头食用。叶片含菜蓟素,有治疗慢性肝炎和降低胆固醇功效,叶汁提取液是“意大利开胃酒”不可少的配料。我国上海市郊种植球蓟,多缘于西餐菜原料的需要。随着改革开放,城市公园、外籍居民区、宾馆花园可作为绿、美化花卉品种开发种植。去年北京首钢公司就把球蓟作为深秋观叶植物来培育,盆栽置于开阔的厅堂之中。球蓟易栽好管,在浙南可露地越冬。采用种子繁殖与播种花椰菜相似,也可以采用分蘖无性繁殖。每年采苞或观花结束,削去花茎,施以水肥促蘖,每株留3-5蘖生长,切下多余蘖芽植于苗圃,冬季扣棚,来年春暖便可移栽。球蓟秋凉叶茂,翌年6-7月开花,陆续开十余朵。北方种植球蓟须保护越冬,置于大棚或日光温室内,白天5℃以
Cynara Scolymusl, also known as thistle or artichoke, is a Compositae perennial native to the Mediterranean region of Europe. Ball thistle plant height of 1-2 meters, the leaves pinnately crack, dark green on the move, like ancient war halberd. Giant buds like a warrior fist, overwhelming. When the head bud involucre opens, the hemispherical faceplate of the purple tubular flower is inserted like a magnificent big sapphire, proudly glittering in the green bush. As a result, exudes a rich European style of the ball thistle, but also make the ancient Roman battle of the Union arises spontaneously. Globe Thistle ornamental and edible, edible can also be used for viewing. Buds of tender bracts and succulent receptacle is a high-grade vegetables that European and American people like to eat, which can be roasted, fried, transferred and made into various western delicacies with sweet and sour flavors. They can also be processed into canned food. Leaf thistle-containing elements, the treatment of chronic hepatitis and reduce cholesterol, leaf juice extract is “Italian aperitif ” essential ingredients. The planting of globe thistle in the suburbs of Shanghai in China is mainly due to the need of raw materials for western dishes. With the reform and opening up, urban parks, foreign residential areas, hotel gardens can be used as green, landscaping varieties of flowers to develop. Last year, Beijing Shougang Company put the ball thistle late autumn foliage plants to cultivate pots placed in the open hall. Ball thistle easy to plant a good tube, in southern Zhejiang can be exposed to wintering. Seed breeding and planting cauliflower similar, you can also use tillering asexual reproduction. Each year, the end of buds or ornamental flowers, cut off the stems, applied fertilizer and tillering, leaving 3-5 tillers per plant growth, cut off excess tiller buds planted in nurseries, winter deduction shed, the next spring can be transplanted. Thistle autumn and leaves Ye Qiu, flowering in June-July the following year, one after another to open more than 10 flowers. North planting globe thistle to protect the winter, placed in a greenhouse or sunlight greenhouse, 5 ℃ during the day