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宫颈癌是影响女性生活健康最常见的生殖系统恶性肿瘤之一，其发生、发展与多种因素相关，除环境危险因素（如人乳头瘤病毒感染、多个性伴侣、不良生活习惯等）外，遗传易患因素也发挥着至关重要的作用。叶酸水平及其代谢关键酶亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶（ MTHFR）基因多态性与宫颈癌关系密切，叶酸水平的改变、MTHFR基因多态性可通过影响体内多种甲基化过程，从而改变不同个体的癌易患性，导致肿瘤的发生。然而，这种改变存在种族、地域等差异，且受多种环境因素及其他代谢途径的影响，目前尚无定论。“,”Cervical cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed reproductive systematic malignancies , which seriously threatens women′s health.The occurrence of cervical cancer is related with many factors,not only environmental factors,such as human papillomavirus infection, multiple sexual partners or unhealthy lif-estyle,but also genetic variants,which play a crucial role in the oncogenesis.Folate level and polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) may have a correlation with increased cervical cancer sus-ceptibility.A proposed mechanism for the role of MTHFR polymorphisms in carcinogenesis involves down-regulation of folate enzyme activities which changes the individual susceptibility of cancer .However, this mechanism has a completely different influence on different countries and ethnic groups,and is affected by multiple environmental factors and other metabolic pathways.Whether it is associated with cervical cancer prognosis remains uncertain.