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从巴西特雷西纳托儿所随机挑选239名3～6周岁的儿童作为研究对象,评价与锌水平相关的营养状况。禁食10 h后采集血液样本,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定血锌水平。血锌低于40μg Zn/g Hb定义为锌缺乏。通过测量体质量和身高评价婴幼儿生长,用身高/年龄,体质量/身高和体质量/年龄的比值评价营养状况,用Z评分表示,以与国家卫生统计中心一致。锌的平均浓度为(35.50±10.95)μg Zn/g Hb。百分位为10%、50%、75%、90%的锌水平分别是24.73、35.45、40.73、52.77μg Zn/g Hb。根据以上分布情况,只能从百分位第75%及以上中找出正常值。因为采用的分界点是40μg Zn/g Hb,所以锌缺乏的患病率是74.3%。至于生长方面,虽然生长迟缓与锌的营养状况之间没有统计学相关性,但8.4%属于慢性营养不良。这项研究揭示了在婴幼儿这一重要阶段存在矿物质缺乏;然而缺乏的程度不影响其生长状况。
A total of 239 children 3-6 years of age were randomly selected from the Teresina nurseries in Brazil to assess the nutritional status associated with zinc levels. Blood samples were collected 10 h after fasting and blood zinc levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Zinc deficiency below 40 μg Zn / g Hb is defined as zinc deficiency. Nutritional status was evaluated by measuring body mass and height for infants and young children, and the nutritional status was evaluated by the ratio of height / age, body mass / height and body weight / age, expressed in terms of Z score, in agreement with the National Center for Health Statistics. The average zinc concentration was (35.50 ± 10.95) μg Zn / g Hb. Zinc levels of 10%, 50%, 75% and 90% percentiles were 24.73, 35.45, 40.73 and 52.77 μg Zn / g Hb, respectively. Based on the above distribution, we can only find the normal value from the 75th percentile and above. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 74.3% because the cut-off point used was 40 μg Zn / g Hb. As for growth, although there was no statistical correlation between growth retardation and zinc nutritional status, 8.4% belonged to chronic malnutrition. The study revealed mineral deficiencies at this important stage of infancy; however, the lack of levels did not affect their growth status.