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由于近年来女足运动在世界范围内逐渐风行,关于女足的科学研究,尤其是关于运动员性格和需求的研究显著增多,尽管其数量还无法和男足研究相匹敌。迄今为止,只有两篇已发表的科学研究对这一领域的研究进行过综述,但其中一篇发表于大约20年前,那时女足运动尚处于起步阶段,只有少数几篇研究报告。另一篇综述较新,但主要关注优秀女足运动员的运动和训练需求,没有包括较低竞技水平和较年轻女运动员的内容。因此,这一领域需要一份更新的综述研究。本文旨在综述目前已发表的一系列关于女足运动员特有的性格及比赛要求的研究。文献中的参数均值由于运动员的竞技水平和场上位置不同而各不相同,如年龄(12—27岁)、身高(155—174cm)、体重(48—72kg)、体脂(13%—29%)、最大摄氧量(45.1—55.5mL/kg/min)、Yo-Yo间歇冲刺测试水平1(780—1379m)、最大心率(189—202bpm)、30m冲刺时间(4.34—4.96s),以及下蹲跳或垂直跳(28—50cm)等。教练和相关人员以及一些特殊方面应该注意,如月经周期、可能的怀孕和哺乳期、常规损伤风险(尤其是膝部和头部),以及相关健康问题(如女运动员三联症、缺铁、贫血等),这些可能影响到女球员的足球水平、健康状况和回归赛场。女足比赛中奔跑全程(4—13km)、高速奔跑距离(0.2—1.7km),平均/峰值心率(74%—87%/94%—99%HRmax),平均/峰值摄氧量(52%—77%/96%—98%VO2max),血乳酸(2.2—7.3mmol/L)平均值也因运动员的竞技水平和位置不同而有差异。方法的差异也会导致报告数值不同。最后,本文还致力于确定女足运动领域尚需进一步研究的空白并得出实际性建议。本文客观地提供了不同层次女足运动员性格及需求的相关文献,帮助教练和运动科学家设计更高效的训练计划和有科学依据的战略,从而进一步提高球员的足球水平和健康状况,并提升这项运动的正面形象。
Due to the popularity of women’s football in the world in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the research on women’s football, especially on the personality and needs of athletes, although their numbers can not match the research of men’s football. To date, only two published scientific studies have reviewed the research in this area, but one was published about 20 years ago when the women’s football movement was still in its infancy with only a few studies available. Another review is relatively new, but focuses mainly on the sport and training needs of elite women’s football players, and does not include the content of lower athleticism and younger women athletes. Therefore, an updated review study is needed in this area. This article aims to summarize a series of studies published so far about the unique character and competition requirements of women football players. The average value of the parameters in the literature varies according to athlete’s competitive level and field position, such as age (12-27 years), height (155-174cm), weight (48-72kg), body fat (13% -29 (45.1-55.5mL / kg / min), Yo-Yo intermittent sprint test level 1 (780-1379m), maximum heart rate (189-202bpm), 30m sprint time (4.34-4.96s) And squat jump or vertical jump (28-50cm) and so on. Coaches and related personnel as well as some special aspects should be aware of, such as the menstrual cycle, possible pregnancy and lactation, the general risk of injury (especially the knees and head), and related health problems (such as female athletes triad, iron deficiency, anemia Etc.), these may affect the female football player’s level, health and return to the stadium. The average running speed (0.2-1.7km), average / peak heart rate (74% -87% / 94% -99% HRmax) and average / peak oxygen demand (52% 77% / 96% -98% VO2max), blood lactic acid (2.2-7.3mmol / L) average also because athletes athletic level and location differences. Differences in methods also result in different values reported. Finally, this article is also devoted to determining the gaps that need further study in the field of women’s football and drawing practical suggestions. This article objectively provides relevant literature on the personality and needs of women football players at different levels to help coaches and sports scientists design more efficient training programs and scientifically based strategies so as to further enhance their soccer standards and health and enhance their performance The positive image.