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栽培的菊花大都是6倍体,遗传上高度杂合,特别适于射线诱变。目前国内外通过诱变育成的菊花新品种最多。例如,荷兰近年用累进辐照法短时间内育成了各色的“Miros”切花品种群,迅速取代了市场出售的原有品种;苏联育成了“冷星”、“雅尔塔’等复色新品种;我国四川省原子核研究所育成了一年两次开花的“辐橙早”和“翠羽”、“翠黛”蓝色系新品种。射线诱变极易获得菊花花型、花色、瓣型及嵌合型的突变。 1.通常的诱变选育方法菊花辐射诱变可采用种子、脚芽、嫩枝、植株作试材,其中最适用的为脚芽和嫩枝。方法是:取生根的脚芽或嫩枝,用1—2千拉特
Most cultivated chrysanthemums are 6-fold, highly heterozygous, especially suitable for ray-induced mutagenesis. Up to now, the most varieties of chrysanthemum have been bred by mutagenesis. For example, in recent years, the Netherlands has developed various kinds of “Miros” cut flower species in a short period of time by means of progressive irradiation and quickly replaced the original varieties sold in the market. The Soviet Union has bred new varieties such as “cold star” and “Yalta” China’s Sichuan Institute of Nuclear Research bred twice a year “radix orange early” and “Cui Yu”, “Cui Dai” blue new varieties.Ray mutagenesis easily access to chrysanthemum flower, flower color, petals and embedded Homologous mutations 1. Common methods of mutation breeding Chrysanthemum radiation mutagenesis can be used seeds, foot buds, shoots, plants for the test material, the most suitable for the foot buds and twigs. Methods are: take root Feet or shoots, with 1-2 thousand lats