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对豫北平原几种主要沉积物发育的土壤进行了X射线分析、化学分析和偏光显微镜鉴定。结果表明在0.001毫米和0.01—0.1毫米粒级中,这几种土壤的矿物成份与沉积来源有关,而与土壤类型及土壤机械组成关系不大,这些沉积物发育的土壤的粘粒部份(小于0.001毫米)主要成份是水化云母,并有高岭石、蒙脱石和少量的蛭石。黄河沉积物所发育的土壤含蒙脱较多;漳河沉积物、黄土、次生黄土所发育的土壤次之;沁河沉积物所发育的土壤含蒙脱最少。在0.01—0.1毫米这一粒级中,原生矿物的轻矿物主要由石英、长石和云母组成。重矿物在黄河沉积物中以普通角闪石为主,沁河和漳河沉积物以磁铁矿为主。最后讨论了根据矿物组成来推测沉积物的来源的可能性。
X-ray analysis, chemical analysis and polarizing microscope were used to analyze the soils developed from several major sediments in the Yubei Plain. The results show that the mineral components of these soils are related to the source of sediment in the fractions of 0.001 mm and 0.01-0.1 mm, but not to the type of soil and the mechanical composition of the soil. The clay fractions of these soils Less than 0.001 mm) The main ingredient is hydrated mica, and kaolinite, montmorillonite and a small amount of vermiculite. The soil developed in the Yellow River sediments contains more montmorillonite, followed by the Zhanghe sediments, loess and secondary loess, while the soil developed in the Qinhe sediments has the least montmorillonite. In the grain size of 0.01-0.1 mm, the light minerals of the primary minerals consist mainly of quartz, feldspar and mica. Heavy minerals in the sediments in the Yellow River to the general amphibole-based, Qinhe and Zhanghe sediments magnetite-based. Finally, the possibility of inferring the source of sediment based on mineral composition is discussed.