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目的从形态学的角度探讨人胎中后期肠系膜淋巴结的发育。方法采用常规组织学H-E染色和免疫组织化学法染色及图像分析进行研究,观察人胎中后期肠系膜淋巴结及相关T、B细胞的发育情况,相关数据做统计学处理。结果自第7个月龄起,在胚胎早期已形成的淋巴结周边的皮质继续增厚,可辨别浅层皮质与副皮质区,浅层皮质中的初级淋巴小结随胎龄的增加而增多,至出生时淋巴结内均未发现生发中心,仍为初级淋巴小结。早期的髓质随胎龄的增加被淋巴结周边增厚的皮质挤向淋巴结的中央。胚胎发育到第7～8个月龄时,随着淋巴结发育加速,淋巴结皮质逐渐增厚,可观察到分布在皮质内的CD3、IgM阳性细胞出现较强的阳性反应,第9～10个月龄时,CD3、IgM阳性细胞出现强阳性反应,灰度具有显著性差异P<0.05。结论①出生时肠系膜淋巴结形态结构基本成熟,淋巴小结仍为初级淋巴小结。②人胎肠系膜淋巴结具有潜在的CD3、IgM合成和释放能力,对腹腔内免疫乃至整个免疫系统有重要作用。
Objective To investigate the development of mesenteric lymph nodes in human fetus from the morphological point of view. Methods H-E staining, immunohistochemical staining and image analysis were used to observe the development of mesenteric lymph nodes and related T, B cells in the middle and late human fetus, and the related data were statistically analyzed. Results From the 7th month of age, the cortex around the lymph nodes formed in the early embryo continued to thicken, the superficial cortex and the paracortex could be distinguished. The primary lymph node in the superficial cortex increased with the increase of gestational age. No germinal centers were found in the lymph nodes at birth and were still primary lymph nodes. Early medulla increased with gestational age by the thickening of the lymph nodes around the cortex to the center of the lymph nodes. At the seventh to eighth months of age, with the accelerated development of lymph nodes, the lymph node cortex gradually thickens. Positive CD3 and IgM positive cells distributed in the cortex are observed to be positive. At the 9th to 10th month CD3, IgM positive cells showed strong positive reaction, with significant difference in gray scale (P <0.05). Conclusion ① The morphological structure of mesenteric lymph node at birth is basically mature, lymphoid nodules are still primary lymph node. ② Human fetal mesenteric lymph nodes have potential CD3, IgM synthesis and release capacity, and have an important effect on intraperitoneal immunity and even the entire immune system.