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目的通过对湘西土家族中老年人体质指数(body mass index,BMI)分析,了解土家族中老年人的体型与体质,为经济欠发达和多民族混居地区制定养老政策提供依据,以促进健康老龄化。方法 2015年7—10月采用整群随机抽样法,抽取300名湘西土家族中老年人,测量其身高和体重,用BMI进行体型与体质关系分析。计量资料比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用χ~2检验和Fisher确切概率法,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 300名调查对象中,男性BMI为(22.07±2.85)kg/m~2,女性为(20.84±2.55)kg/m~2。体重正常体型者为213人,占71.00%;体重过低为35人,占11.67%;超重为45人,占15.00%;肥胖为7人,占2.33%。男性体重过低构成比明显低于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.506,P<0.05);超重构成比明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=11.203,P<0.05)。结论湘西土家族中老年人存在一定比例的体重过低和超重与肥胖,并有性别差异。社会及政府相关部门应积极关心土家族中老年人的营养健康水平,以促进健康老龄化。
Objective To understand body constitution and physique of middle-aged and elderly people in Tujia nationality by analyzing body mass index (BMI) of middle-aged and elderly people in Tujia ethnic group in western Hunan province, and to provide basis for formulating old-age care policy in economically underdeveloped and multi-ethnic mixed areas to promote health Aging. Methods From July to October 2015, a total of 300 middle-aged and elderly people in Tujia ethnic group in Xiangxi were selected by cluster random sampling method to measure their height and weight. Body mass and body constitution were analyzed by BMI. Measurement data were compared using t test, count data were compared using χ ~ 2 test and Fisher exact test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results Among the 300 subjects, the BMI in males was (22.07 ± 2.85) kg / m ~ 2 and that in females was (20.84 ± 2.55) kg / m ~ 2. The weight of normal body type was 213, accounting for 71.00%; 35 were underweight, accounting for 11.67%; overweight 45, accounting for 15.00%; obesity 7, accounting for 2.33%. The constitutional ratio of underweight in males was significantly lower than that in females (χ ~ 2 = 7.506, P <0.05), and the ratio of overweight was significantly higher than that in females (χ ~ 2 = 11.203, P < 0.05). Conclusion There is a certain proportion of overweight and overweight and obesity in Tujia middle - aged and elderly people in Xiangxi. There are also gender differences. Social and government departments concerned should actively care for the nutrition and health of the middle-aged and elderly people in Tujia to promote healthy aging.