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结直肠癌是威胁我国居民生命健康的主要癌症之一，造成了严重的社会负担。结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治是降低人群结直肠癌死亡率的有效措施。参考国际指南制定标准制定符合中国国情的结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治指南势在必行。指南由国家癌症中心发起，联合多学科专家，采用世界卫生组织推荐的指南制定原则和方法，针对结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治相关专业人员所关注的13个临床问题，给出了详细的循证推荐，旨在规范结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治实践，提升中国结直肠癌防控效果。“,”Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major malignancy threatening the health of people in China, which also leads to heavy social burden. A large number of researches and practices have demonstrated that screening and early detection are effective in reducing the mortality of CRC. It is therefore imperative to design guidelines for the screening, early detection and early treatment of CRC that are in line with national conditions of China based on international guideline development standard. In 2020, under the leadership of the National Cancer Center of China, a multidisciplinary guideline development group was established. The development of the guideline followed the principles and methods recommended by the World Health Organization. The guideline provides detailed recommendations for thirteen key clinical questions to which the professionals who are involved in screening, early detection and early treatment of colorectal cancer paid close attention. The guideline is intended to serve as a tool for professionals providing best decision-making on screening, early detection and early treatment of CRC and to enhance the effectiveness of CRC prevention and control in China.